SUMMARY
LaTTIce absorption in InP, InAs and InP xAs 1-x Crystals
Kekelidze G.P., Kekelidze D.G. and Vepkhvadze A.N.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Multibackground optical absorption was studied. There were revealed great numbers of lattice lines, which were quanitively decoded based on the combinations of characteristic lateral and longitudinal optical and acoustic frequencies. It is demonstrated that the vibration modes belonging to the InP sublattice are more active than the ones belonging to the InAs sublattice.
Keywords: InP crystals, InAs crystals, lattice absorption, vibration modes.
FORMATION OF THE SIMILARITY MEASURES FOR The Standard DESCRIPTION obtained BY CLUSTERING
Zhvania T.G. and Verulava L.O.
Georgian Technical University
Abstract. There are described the methods of realization of the recognition process according to the clustering parameters devised in the context of the theory of rank links where clustering surface points which are used for standard descriptions, are divided into positive and negative surface points. In this work there are proposed the methods of drawing of the standard description and its appropriate similarity measures, which are based on the method of clustering by rank links. In particular, there are used the parameters obtained by clustering: the rank of cluster drawing and the number of omitted ranks..
Keywords: pattern recognition, clustering, standard description, rank links.
THE ANALYSIS OF the RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY of THE MOMENT OF BEGINNing OF BOILING IN LIQUID ON THE BASIS OF THE HURST METHOD
Abstract . The procedure of detection of the moment of beginning of boiling in the fluid heated up from below was designed. The procedure is based on the analysis of the character of the fluctuations of the intensity of the laser beam passing over the heating element by the Hurst method. The original experimental installation by which different modes of thermal loading were simulated was designed. During the experiments there was used the interface which allowed us to measure simultaneously the intensity of the laser beam and the temperature of the medium at different distances from the heating element (in the boundary layer). It was revealed that, at the beginning moment of boiling on the heating element surface, the character of fluctuations of the laser beam intensity and, accordingly, the Hurst fractal dimensionality of the time series of these fluctuations change significantly. This method allows specifying the thermo- and hydrodynamic indices of two-phase streams. In the experiments it was also determined that by this method it is possible to determine the beginning of nucleate boiling and the moment of transition from the free convection mode of the fluid to the beginning of boiling. Such control is essential in many technological processes of heating and cooling. Therefore, the proposed procedure can be applied to designing the monitoring and safety systems both for industry and laboratory.
Keywords : boiling, fluid, laser beam, heating element, Hurst method.
SUMMARY
SOME ASPECTS OF REALIZATION AND EXPLOITATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE OPTOELECTRONIC LIGHT COMMUTATORS
Mtskeradze G.Sh., Sanaia E.E., Gachechiladze J.T., Zibzibadze M.R. and Maisuradze N.I.
Georgian Technical University
A simple compact optical switching component for optic networks was developed in 1987. The voltage-controlled 3x3 matrix device switches light from any input to any output, and switching is done via controlled reflection from two layers of a nematic liquid crystal. Two decades later the commutator still keeps functioning, and all its basic parameters are normal. Therefore, the device can be recommended for application in internal objective lines of commutation.
Keywords: commutator, liquid crystal, light, polarization, prism, port.
Mtskeradze G.Sh., Sanaia E.E., Gachechiladze J.T., Zibzibadze M.R. and Maisuradze N.I.
A simple device for deposition of thin films by the pyrosol process was designed. Highly transparent and conducting SnO 2 films were prepared. For intensifying the homogeneity of the films deposited on large substrates, a tantalum shield with numerous holes (0.1 mm) was used.
Keywords: pyrosol, tin dioxide, thin films, resistivity, shield.
Summary
Mathematical simulation of overlapping zones and the prediction algorithm of electromagnetic compatibility of radio systems
Kurdiani V.Sh., Svanidze T.S., Zurabishvili V.I., Kokoshvili V.D and Aspanidze N.D.
Georgian Technical University
The basic issues of the problem of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-technological systems are considered. The mathematical model of overlapping zones of radio systems, and the algorithm and the basic index for prediction of the electromagnetic compatibility of the system are suggested.
Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, mutual interference, overlapping zone, simulation, prediction.
Summary
Some problems of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-technological, systems
Kurdiani V.Sh., Svanidze T.S., Zurabishvili V.I., Kokoshvili V.D. and Aspanidze N.D.
Georgian Technical University
The problem of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-technological systems and some issues of its solution are considered. The model of overlapping zones of radio-technological systems, wich allows the prediction of the electromagnetic compatibility of the mentioned systems, is proposed
Keywords: radio- technological systems, electromagnetic compatibility, overlapping zone.
Georgian Technical University
Summary
Determination of the Weight of components in the
information-communication system
Tsiramua S.G. , Chikashua E.A. and Tsiramua Z.G.
Georgian Technical University
One of the most important stages of designing the information-communication system is rational construction of its structure. In the article are considered various indices of the component “weight” which are useful for the analysis and synthesis of the system at its designing and operation from the standpoint of the order of priority of examinations, diagnostics and repairs. The determination of the importance of separate components of the system is also essential for solution of such problems as search for faults, development of the strategy of optimum redundancy, distribution of requests by reliability indices etc.
Keywords: information-communication system, serviceability, algebraic-logic functions, component weight.
Estimation of the security of a computer Network by means of the logic-probability theory
Tsiramua Z.G.
Georgian Technical University
Abstract. The issues of the security of information, the estimation and the analysis of the Computer Network of Georgian Technical University by means of the logic- probability theory are considered.
This method gives us the possibility of estimation of different structures and of improve ment of the performance of the system.
Keywords: computer network, security, estimation, logic-probability theory.
Summary
System simulation at different levels of abstraction
Sukhiashvili T.A.
Georgian Technical University
At designing the automated systems by the object-oriented approach, development engineers have to consider the system not only from different viewpoints, but also at different levels of abstraction. In the article, simulation of different levels of abstraction of the system using the diagrams of the same model and of various models with diferent levels of abstraction is considered by the example of the jurisprudence system.
Keywords: system simulation, abstraction levels.
SUMMARY
Excitation of the waveguide junction from the side branch
Kokilashvili L.G. and Amiranashvili L.N.
Georgian Technical University
The electrodynamics of the waveguide junction at its excitation from the side branch is considered. For Fourier coefficients of electromagnetic waves in separate sections of the junction, the population of infinite sets of algebraic equations was obtained. As a first approximation, an explicit expression for the propagation coefficient is presented. Some numerical results and the optimum geometric parameters of the junction at the specified wavelength are given.
Keywords: waveguide junction, excitation, side branch, set of algebraic equations.
SUMMARY
Numerical analysis of the stressed-strained state of the thick plate
Burjanadze V.O., Gorgidze D.A. and Javakhadze G.S.
Georgian Technical University
The numerical analysis for normal stresses s y of square plates of different thickness has been performed by using the formula presented by the authors previously. Differing little from maximum normal stresses at the corresponding points, those s y values give the estimate of distribution of maximum forces in the plate.
Keywords: numerical analysis, thick plate, stressed-strained state.
SUMMARY
Hydraulic testing of a segment of the main at linear pressure change in the initial section
Lomidze Yu.B.
Georgian Technical University
The problem of hydraulic testing of a segment of the main at linear pressure change in the initial section of the segment is considered. Based on the differential equations in partial derivatives describing the unsteady motion of the real liquid in the pipeline and using Fourier and Laplace transforms, the analytical expression for determination of pressure at any moment of time and in any section of the pipeline segment under testing was derived.
Keywords : pipeline, initial section, hydraulic testing, linear pressure change.
SUMMARY
Hydraulic testing of a segment of the main at sudden pressure change in the initial section
Lomidze Yu.B.
Georgian Technical University
The problem of hydraulic testing of a segment of the main at sudden pressure change in the initial section of the segment under testing is considered. Based on the differential equations in partial derivatives describing the unsteady motion of the real liquid in the pipeline and using Fourier and Laplace transforms, the analytical expression for determination of pressure at any moment of time and in any section of the pipeline segment under testing was derived.
Keywords: pipeline, initial section, hydraulic testing, sudden pressure change.
SUMMARy
Some Problems of determination of electrophysical parameters of integrated circuit components
Gogichaishvili V.K.,Gogsadze R.Sh. and Mkheidze T.D.
Georgian Technical University
An original method of construction of the solutions to boundary problems for three-dimensional electrostatic fields in various structures of integrated circuit components is considered. Based on those solutions, the procedure of determination of resistive and capacitive characteristics of three-dimensional bipolar transistor structures is proposed.
Keywords: integrated circuits, structure, components, electrophysical parameters, boundary problems.
Summary
Optimization of servicing of multimedia system users by the uniformity criterion
Tevdoradze M.T. and Lominadze T.N.
Georgian Technical University
The problem of simultaneous servicing of several processes of multimedia system users by the videoserver scheduler is considered. For the solution of this problem, the algorithm based on the uniformity criterion in the case of existence of two buffers on the user’s side is proposed. For application of the proposed algorithm, the function of penalties is entered.
Keywords: multimedia system, servicing, optimization, uniformity criterion.
SUMMARY
Increase in the efficiency of the multimedia system
Tevdoradze M.T.
Georgian Technical University
The basic problems of multimedia systems realizing serice “video by order” are considered. The system structure, its basic components and their operation are described. The basic resources of the system are determined as follows: processor time, buffer memory, and disk system and network capacities. The basic problems of the use of those resources are described. The recommendations on increasing the efficiency of the multimedia system are given.
Keywords: multimedia system, efficiency, basic resources.
SUMMARY
comparative analysis of the coding algorithms of television and broadcasting signals based on the determination of the momentum vector
Robitashvili A.A., Murjikneli G.G., Kurtanidze G.G. and Vekua T.A.
Georgian Technical University
Basic algorithms of determination of the momentum vector (MV) allowing for momentum compensation in dynamic images are considered. The criteria of comparison of the algorithms of MV determination are general, and they can be used as the basis for development of new modifications of momentum compensation algorithms in the framework of the MPEG Standard.
Keywords: television broadcasting, digital coding, momentum vector, momentum compensation.
SUMMARY
ComparativE analysis of available standard systemS of color television broadcasting
Robitashvili A.G., Vekua T.A., Robitashvili G.A., Sharashenidze L.A. and Sharashenidze I.A.
Georgian Technical University
There are considered the issues of the comparative analysis of available systems of color television broadcasting SECAM, NTSC and PAL, which are the bases for every promising system of television broadcasting. The basic criteria for the comparative analysis of those systems are introduced. Based on the investigation performed, several conclusions have been drawn for selection of the television broadcasting system best suitable for Georgia.
Keywords: television broadcasting, standard systems, comparative analysis.
SUMMARY
The mathematical basics of microtomography in focused radiation as applied to microstructures of telecommunication networks
Robitashvili A.G., Bochikashvili P.N. and Vekua T.A.
Georgian Technical University
There is proposed a new approach to the effect of focused superhigh-frequency radiation on microstructures on the basis of which telecommunication networks are constructed. The mathematical basics of microtomography, which allow comprehensive explanation of the abovmentioned effect, are presented.
Keywords : telecommunication networks, ultrahigh-frequency radiation, microtomography.
SUMMARY
С ommon problems of cosmology and meteorology
Berria G.N.
Georgian Engineering Academy
M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics
A number of problems of meteorology and cosmology can have a common solution. The cosmology contains the idealized concepts about the nature of the pattern of vacuum as dark energy and dark mass, which explain well the nature of such extreme atmospheric phenomena as the tornado, the thunderstorm and the ball lightning. Thus, the meteorology can become some kind of a practical polygon for checking the theoretical solutions to cosmological problems connected with the theory of the Big Bang.
Keywords : cosmology, meteorology, atmospheric phenomena, common problems.
SUMMARY
Cesium on the Tungsten coating of the niobium-zirconium alloy oxidized at 500 0C
Zykov B.M., Nardaia Yu.I. and Bokuchava G.V.
I. Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology
On the nonuniform film with D j =1.0eV formed at adsorption of Cs, at top level of the relief there is only Cs on Me. It does not cover this level completely, and there are pure Me areas. At middle level, there are a few peaks of chemical states of adsorbates. On its smooth areas, being in parallel with the base surface, rather ordered molecules of W 2OCs are located. In the terrace grooves, the chains of W 2OCs molecules, on which the Cs + ions are adsorbed as the second layer, are located, and, in the disordered defects, O or Cs is present. At lower level, there also are a few peaks of chemical states: ordered molecules of subbronze NbW 2OCs, also shielded with the second disordered Cs layer; among the NbW 2OCs molecules, the NbCOCs molecules, which are most likely not to be covered with the second Cs + layer, are located as in the frame and with the same Q ; in some volumetric defects, Cs on oxygen is present, and, in others, cesium-shielded carbide W 2C and free carbon are present, some amount of Cs being spent on the formation of NbCOCs and additional W 2COCs.
Keywords : cesium, tungsten coating, niobium-zirconium alloy, oxidation.
SUMMARY
Heating of the cesium film on the tungsten coating of the niobium-zirconium alloy oxidized at 500 0C
Zykov B.M., Nardaia Yu.I. and Bokuchava G.V.
I. Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology
In the film system under investigation, rather heat-resistant subbronze NbW 2OCs, which is optimum for collectors of thermoelectric converters (TEC), is formed. Though, to achieve the lowest value of j, its islands must border on the pure substrate. But, because of the presence of carbon in the material, the nonoptimum NbCOCs film builds in the subbronze as in the frame, which increases significantly the j value of the system. Besides, the W 2COCs film on the terrace bases at middle level of the relief also contributes to the increase in the j value. When these results are compared to those presented by the authors in their previous works, where on the deliberately nonoptimum film of O with n max was obtained the j min value being by 0.2eV smaller than that obtained here, it is apparent that precisely NbCOCs, which is not formed at n max of O, is the most deleterious constituent of the film system. Thus, carbon on the surface and its oxide CO are the most harmful impurities of the tungsten coating of the Nb-1%Zr alloy, which prevent realization of the capabilities of the Me-O-Cs system of achieving the j min value better than by 50%. Therefore, it is essential to take measures, described in the first two parts of the work, which are aimed at decreasing the content of carbon in the material for collectors of TEC.
Keywords: cesium, tungsten coating, niobium-zirconium alloy, oxidation, heating.
Segregation of Ge nanocrystals in the germanium oxide film
Jishiashvili D. A., Gobronidze V. V., Shiolashvili Z.N. and Mtskeradze G.Sh.
Institute of Cybernetics
Georgian Technical University
Abstract. It was established that the segregation of germanium and germanium dioxide in the process of magnetron sputtering of Ge takes place within a narrow range of partial pressure of oxygen P 0=(1.9-2.2)X10 -4 Torr. Germanium is segregated in the film due to disproportionation of monoxide at elevated temperatures. The amount of the segregated Ge can be varied within the limits of 25 at % and lower. In the film containing 13 at % of unoxidized Ge, the segregated nanocrystalls are of the 10-12 nm size and have irregular geometric shapes.
Keywords: germanium oxide, germanium nanocrystals, segregation, magnetron sputtering.
SUMMARY
Investigation of electrical properties of samarium monosulfide S m S at Phase transition
Bzhalava T.L., Gigineishvili A.V. and Chogovadze M.E.
Georgian Technical University
The changes in the mobility and the concentration of conduction electrons at phase transition in samarium monosulfide monocrystals under hydrostatic pressure were investigated. It was found that, in the SmS monocrystals, before the phase transition, the decrease in the resistivity at increasing pressure was caused by a smooth increase in the concentration of electrons, but the electron mobility did not change under those conditions. At the phase trasition point (6.5. kbar), the concentration increases abruptly, but the mobility decreases. In this case, the increase in the concentration is several times as much as the decrease in the mobility. Thus, it is obvious that, at the phase transition point, the abrupt decrease in the resistivity is observed.
Keywords : samarium monosulfide, phase transition, electrical properties.
CREATION OF A NEW GENERATION OF INFORMATION-MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL
Kachiashvili K.J., Klimiashvili L.D. and Dolidze A.V.
I. Vekua Institute of Applied Mathematics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Abstract. In the present work are considered the problems of creation of a new generation of information-measurement systems for environmental water quality control. There is given the structure and the design principle of such systems. The list of tasks realized in such systems is given. It is noted that, without automation of environment monitoring and, in particular, without wide introduction of the automated systems described above, already now the objective control, forecasting and management of the environment pollution level is considerably complicated, and in the near future it will become practically impossible.
Keywords: automated systems, environment, monitoring, measurement station, control station.
SUMMARY
On the Problem of the reliability of ion-selective glass electrodes
Dolidze A.V., Klimiashvili L.D., Tsikhelashvili I.Z. and Giorkhelidze A.U.
Georgian Technical University
The mechanical strength of glass electrodes with hydrogen, methallic and redox functions was studied. It is demonstrated that the glass electrodes with membranes of the 0.2-0.4 mm thickness withstand considerable mechanical loading (300-400kg/cm 2 of compressive load and 20-25 kg/cm 2 of breaking load). However, their real strength determined experimentally appeared to be one-fourth or one-fifth as much as the estimated one. The methodological issues of reliability are considered. Based on the total mean-time-between-failures and the total number of failures of the electrodes, the following indices were determined: the number of tests, the point, the biggest and the smallest values of the probability of no-failure operation of the electrodes, the mean life of the electrode before the failure, the longevity of the electrodes etc. The investigation results demonstrated that the mean life of the glass electrodes varies in the range from 1000 to 4000 hours depending on their type and operational conditions.
Keywords: ion-selective electrodes, glass electrodes, mechanical strength, reliability.
Summary
Development of THE determining rule for correction of the operation of water supply and Distribution systems in the process of dispatching management
Tsikhelashvili Sh.Z., Gujabidze M.R, Tsikhelashvili Z.I, Tsikhelashvili I.Z., Dolidze A.V.,
Margalitadze I.N. and Mchedlidze M.G.
Georgian Technical University
There is proposed the determining rule for correction of the operation of water supply and distribution systems of any structure and with any spatial arrangement of their components in the process of dispatching management, under which (by the qualitative analysis of the process parameters of piezometric pressures) the steady state process of consumers water supply transforms from the “fuzzy” state into the clear one for management correction purposes.
The procedure of correction of the operational control quality of complex hierarchic systems of water supply and distribution is suggested. It is demonstrated with the example of the Samgori Water Treatment Plant of the water supply network of the city of Tbilisi.
Based on this example, it was determined (at the same criteral level - “satisfactory state”) that the depth of theoretical improvement of the operational control quality was higher by 37.2% as compared to the existing state. The proposed determining rule can as appropriately be used in water supply systems operating under common conditions as in the systems operating under automated control.
Keywords: water supply system, operational control, determining rule of correction.
Summary
The issues of construction of the decision-making support system at operative control of the water treatment process on the basis of the fuzzy contingency approach
Gujabidze M.R. , Khatiuri H.N., Nozadze M.Sh., Salia T.S., Tkesheladze G.A., Churchelauri B.G., Metreveli G.A, Tsikhelashvili I.Z., Kvitsiani L.A. and Manjavidze M.L.
Georgian Technical University
There are considered methodological issues of construction of the decision-making support system at operative control of the water treatment process on the basis of the fuzzy contingency approach. This approach involves:
Keywords: decision-making support system, fuzzy situation, fuzzy model, decision table, reference chart.
Summary
On the problem of description of the condition of water consumption and water disposal of various-purpose installations
Natsvlishvili N.V.,Kapanadze E.I., Natsvlishvili V.N. and Natsvlishvili M.N.
Georgian Technical University
By using the local analysis, in particular, with the help of spline-wavelets, the conditions of water consumption and water disposal are described, which provides more accurate determination of the estimated parameters than the Fourier transform.
Keywords: water consumption, water disposal, spline wavelet transformation
SUMMARY
Once more about the safety of railway transport
Elizbarashvili M.I., Dundua A.A. and Papaskiri M.O.
Georgian Technical University
The main task of the railway signalling and communication system is the provision of a high degree of the safety of train movement. Though, at controlling the carriage by rail, there arise other important problems associated with detection and transmission of the data on the train state. They can be solved by composing the patterns of problem solutions and their realization.
Keywords: railway, safety, problem solution pattern.
Summary
OPTIMIZATION OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILWAY ROUTE
Nachkebia M.D.
N. Muskhelishvili Institute of Computing Mathematics
The mathematical model of optimization of the underground railway route and the method of its numerical realization are suggested. As a criterion of optimality, the minimum of the consumed electric power is accepted. The problem is solved stage by stage. At the first stage, the problem of the optimum path of movement between the neighboring stations – the analog of classical variation problems of calculation of the optimum trajectory is considered. On the basis of this problem, the problem of optimization of the whole metro line with definition of the levels of arrangement of underground stations is solved. The method of dynamic programming is applied to the solution of both problems.
Keywords : metro, underground stations, movement path optimization.
SUMMARY
A MODEL OF RELIABILITY OF THE AUTOMATIC ODORIZER OF HOUSEHOLD GAS WITH CONSIDERATION OF TIME REDUNDANCY
Iv.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Georgian Technical University
The determining condition and the guarantee of the objectivity of the results obtained at the investigation of the Natural Gas Automatic Odorizer (NGAO) is a correct mathematical model. To provide normal operation of the NGAO, the internal time redundancy of the system was revealed and used. The peculiarity of this approach, which determines its advantages, consists in the following:
The obtained results allow taking into account the time redundancy at the determination of the reliability characteristics of the NGAO.
Keywords: automatic odorizer, household gas, reliability, time redundancy.
Summary
Priorities of the development of construction science at the stage of transition to market economy
Makhviladze L.S. and Makhviladze K.L.
Georgian Engineering Academy
There are considered the issues concerning construction science, which is of applied origin, and various requirements determined by service conditions of construction projects. The efficient experience of the Moskowian builders is cited. Mention is made of the peculiarities of the theses with the tendency towards theoretical computation defended in this field lately. Such underestimation of practical experiments can affect adversely the construction of various projects. The measures for increasing the efficiency of construction and construction science are suggested.
Keywords: construction science, market economy, transition period, construction efficiency.
SUMMARY
the technology of construction of wide-span reinforced concrete domes
Makhviladze L.S., Makhviladze K.L., Jincharadze I.G. and Pashiashvili M.G.
Georgian Technical University
There is proposed the technology of construction of wide-span reinforced concrete domes, the shell of which has radial and cylindrical stiffening reinforced concrete beams. The technology is distinguished by technological novelty of construction and is economically effective. While the construction works by traditional technology involving scaffolding and forms take from 42 to 48 months in total, the construction by the proposed technology takes form 9 to 12 months.
Keywords : reinforced concrete domes, wide span, construction technology.
SUMMARY
The Structural perfection of reinforced concrete panels for walls, floors and ceilings of the earthquake-proof prefabricated house
Nanitashvili E.G.
Georgian Technical University
The issues of the structural perfection of reinforced concrete panels for walls, floors and ceilings of the earthquake-proof prefabricated house are discussed. The new structure is intended for seismic regions of Georgia. The mentioned reinforced concrete panels are characterized by lower material consumption, increased seismic resistance, shorter time for erection works and the ability of protection against radiation and electrostatic field. The efficiency of using the reinforced concrete panels as compared to other types is justified.
Keywords : reinforced concrete panels, prefabricated house, earthquake-proofness, structural perfection.
Summary
Thermodynamic estimation of interaction between some complex water–containing aluminosilicates and Na 2CO 3
Jincharadze D.G. and Sarukhanishvili A.V.
Georgian Technical University
By the method of Gibbs free energy minimization using the second Ulich approximation and petrochemical calculations, the interactions between analcime, wairakite, heulandite, kaolinite, montmorilonite, muscovite, paragonite and Na 2CO 3 at temperatures up to 1073 K are estimated. The possibility of proceeding of different profitable reactions in the close temperature intervals, which give solid products of different composition, is demonstrated. There is made a supposition about the possibility of controlling the solid product composition by selection of the corresponding temperature intervals over the range of 343-1073 K.
Keywords : aluminosilicates, water content, soda, thermodynamic calculation.
Summary
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY Art painTS on the base of organosilica gels
Karkusashvili T.G., Geliashvili Z.E., Gongadze N.P., Chirakadze G.G. and Elizbarashvili E.N.
Georgian Technical University
New organosilica gels modified with indolyl-containing azo dyes and alkylcyclosilazanes have been synthesized. The obtained pigments are characterized by high light fastness and resistance to wet treatment. On the base of the synthesized organosilica gels, a new formula of environment friendly art paints was developed.
Keywords: silica gels, indoline, azo dyes, silazane, oil paints.
Summary
Vanadium in soils of the river Lukhuni gorge ( UPper Racha, Georgia)
LoriaN.V., Guguchia M.M., Dvali N.G. and Supatashvili G.D.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
The content of vanadium in soils of the River Lukhuni Gorge varies within the range of 82-206 mg/kg (on average it is equal to 143 mg/kg ), which is 1.4-1.7 times greater than the relevant percent abundabce and its content in the soils of other regions in Georgia. The vanadium content decreases regularly at the distance from the annealing plant for arsenic sulfide ores which operated in the past.There is a close correlative connection the between iron and vanadium contents in the soils.
Keywords: vanadium, soils, annealing plant, river gorge.
SUMMARY
ABOUT REHABILITATION OF THE TERRITORIES OF FORMER MILITARY BASES IN AKHALTSIKHE
Barbakadze N.G., Mikadze I.I., Gelashvili N.E., Maisuradze G.V. and Dolidze A.V.
P. Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry
A lot of military bases used to be located in Georgia. After withdrawal of the Soviet troops, on the territories of former military bases were left some toxic materials, dangerous wastes and contaminated soils, which require detailed investigation. For this purpose, the soil samples were taken from the territories of the former military bases in the Akhaltsikhe Region. The microbiological and chemical analyses of the soil samples were carried out. After determination of the risks on the contaminated territories, new schemes of rehabilitation were proposed. In the case of heavy pollution, the upper soil layer was removed and burnt in the mobile, rotating furnace and was composted on the spot of its removal. In the case of relatively low pollution, the soil was ploughed, its acidity was corrected by means of lime, and the fertility was restored by means of peat-containing humus in great quantity.
Keywords: contaminated soils, rehabilitation, former military bases, rotating furnace.
Summary
paradoxical aspects of biochemistry and pharmacology of tea
Kipiani N.L., Khvedelidze V.G. and Kipiani L.G.
Kutaisi Scientific Center of Georgian Academy of Sciences
Tea lipids are of interest as a rich natural source of biologically active substances. It is effectively demonstrated that lipid-based preparations possess an expressed pharmacological activity and have a favorable effect at stomach and integument lesions. The preparations also possess an antineoplastic activity at skin cancer, and they can be used in oncological practice.
Keywords : tea, lipids, biochemistry, pharmacology.
SUMMARY
Experimental investigation of the specific heat of iodinated tea
Megrelidze T.J. and Galogre L.J.
Georgian Technical University
The results of determination of the specific heat coefficient at computation of heat processes in iodinated tea are presented. The available methods and devices were used for determination of that coefficient. The experiments were performed using the finished iodinated tea product. Based on the experimental results, the empirical formula for determination of the specific heat of iodinated tea is proposed.
Keywords: iodinated tea, specific heat, heat processes, experimental investigation.
Summary
Determination of the tannin-catechol complex and caffeine
in iodinated tea
Galogre L.J.
Georgian Technical University
The results of determination of the tannin-catechol complex and caffeine in iodinated tea are presented. The comparative contents of the tannin-catechol complex (TCC) and caffeine in the tea determined by a spectrophotometric method and Levental’s method are also presented. It was established that the TCC content in black tea measured by the spectrophotometric method was higher than that measured by Levental’s method.
This can be explained by the fact that, by the spectrophotometric method both unoxidized and oxidized forms of the TCC were measured, while by Levental’s method – only unoxidized ones.
The relations of the changes in the optical density of the extract treated with chloroform were obtained at the wavelength of 286mm. The obtained results allow us to judge not only about the TCC content, but about the quality of the finished product as well.
Keywords: tea, iodination, tannin-catechol complex, caffeine, spectrophotometric method.
SUMMARY
FORMATION OF FORMALDEHYDE AND FORMIC ACID DURING THERMAL TREATMENT OF WINES
Japaridze M.Sh., Skhirtladze T.A., Tsereteli B.S. and Ugrekhelidze D.Sh.
Georgian State Agrarian University
With the help of isotopic markers it has been revealed that oxidative deamination of glycine takes place in the process of madeirization in the amount of about 3%. Oxidation of the abovementioned amino acid continues to the final product of oxidation, which is proved by formation of C 14O 2 from H 2N-C 14H 2-COOH in the amount of more than 0.3%. Formaldehyde and formate were identified from intermediate products of oxidation, each of them in the amount of about 0.04% of the initial 2-C 14-glycine. The supposition about the similarity of the abovementioned process for other free amino acids has been expressed.
Keywords : Madeira, oxidative deaminization, oxidative decarboxylation, volatile fraction, formaldehyde, formate.
SUMMARY
Application of sea-water concentrate for produciton of bioactive compound “phytobrine”
Mamulaishvili N.D., Khoshtaria T.M., Papunidze G.R. and Romanenko E.V.
Batumi Institute of Agrarian Biotechnology and Business
Institute of Membrane Technnology, Batumi
It is proposed to use the wastes of sea water desalination by electrodialysis with the capacity of 15-25 l/h for production of bioactive compound “Phytobrine”. The salt concentration in the brine is within the range of 120-150 g/l by NaCl. The determined optimum conditions of the plant operation are equal to Q d=90l/h and V=100V. The concentrations of the ions, the concentrate, the dialisate and the initial sea water are given.
There has been developed the scheme of the production process of Phytobrine which is a mixture of eucalyptus-pine and sea-water concentrates. The organoleptic and physiological characteristics of the finished product are described.
Keywords: sea-water concentrate, bioactive compound, brine, eucalyptus concentrate.
SUMMARy
The ways of ingress of phthalic ACID into the products of grape processing
Katsitadze M.G., Abzianidze D.A., Kuchava G.G., Khositashvili M.L. and Tugushi D.I.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine–Making
D. Sarajishvili and Eniseli Company
The possible ways of ingress of the derivatives of phthalic acid into the products of grape processing are considered. It was determined that model solutions in which various materials (plastic, rubber, various gaskets etc.) were placed contained different amounts of dibutyl phthalate. The largest amounts of dibutyl phthalate (16.0 mg/dm 3) was contained in the alcoholic-water solutions being in contact with different polymers.
Keywords: phthalic acid, dibutyl phthalate, products of grape processing, alcoholic-water solutions.
Summary
Investigation of the chemical composition of Oak-Tree Kindling for the Content of Cumarin-Scopoletin
Kuchava G.G., Abzianidze D.A., Katsitadze M.G. and Khositashvili M.L.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
D. Sarajishvili and Eniseli Company
The results of the analysis of the composition of oak-tree kindling for the content of cumarin-scopoletin are presented. By paper chromatography, it is demonstrated that, at hydrolysis of the oak-tree kindling, 5% vol. of sulfuric acid hydrolysate shows the presence of the substance having Rf 0.29 ±0.02, which corresponds to scopoletin parameters.
Keywords: oak-tree kindling, cumarin-scopoletin, chromatogram.
Summary
The content of cumarins in Georgian cognac spirits
Kuchava G.G., Khositashvili M.L., Abzianidze D.A., Katsitadze M.G. and Asashvili T.Sh.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
D. Sarajishvili and Eniseli Company
The content of cumarins in Georgian cognac spirits was determined. The maximum permissible concentration of cumarins in food products (including alcoholic beverages) is 10mg/dm 3. By paper chromatography, the presence of cumarin-scopoletin in the spirits aged on oak-tree wood for different periods of time was revealed.
Keywords: cognac spirit, oak-tree wood, cumarin, paper chromatography.
Summary
Investigation of the products of Transformation of tryptophan at alcoholic fermentation
Guliashvili M.A. and Mujiri L.A.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
Fractionation was performed for isolation of extracts and individual compounds. There was identified the end product of transformation of tryprophan aminoacid – tryptophol, i.e. indoethyl alcohol, at different stages of alcoholic fermentation. There were also fractionated the classes of compounds which, in different solvent systems and with different reagents, manifest their amino, phenolic, lipidic and indolic origin.
Keywords: alcoholic fermentation, tryptophan, transformation, fractionation, extracts, individual compounds.
Summary
The invertigation of nitRous compounds in the residue and stillage of cognac wine materials
Tugushi D.I., Abzianidze D.A., Khositashvili M.L. Mikiashvili M.J. and Pataraia M.S.
Reasearch Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
There are presented the results of the investigation of nitrous compounds in the residue of wine materials from some viticulture microzones in Georgia (Gurjaani-Chandari and Kvareli-Shilda-Eniseli) and in the stillage obtained at their distillation. The obtained results demonstrate that the content of the nitrous compounds in the yeast biomass of the wine materials does not depend on the microzone. The results obtained for the content of nitrous compounds in the wine material residue and in the cognac stillage were different. In the cognac stillage, the amount of the mentioned compounds decreased by a factor of 10. This can be explained by the fact that, at distillation of the wine materials, the nitrous compounds of the residue were subjected to heat treatment, and aromatic volatile substances characteristic of cognac spirits were formed.
Keywords: cognac wine materials, residue, cognac stillage, nitrous compounds, aromatic volatile substances.
Summary
The results of chromatographic investigations of fresh-rundown cognac spirits
Tugushi D.I, Abzianidze D. A., Khositashvili M.L., Mikiashvili M.J. and Pataraia M.S.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making.
The results of the investigation of fresh-rundown cognac spirits using gas-liquid chromatography are presented. The test spirits produced by distillation of wine materials and enriched with the yeast biomass contain a larger amount of volatile substances than the reference fresh-rundown spirits. The mentioned volatile components impart specific flavor to the spirit.
Keywords: cognac spirit, wine materials, yeast, volatile substances, gas-liquid chromatography.
Summary
The use of subtropical persimmon in food production
Papunidze G.R., Ardzen аdze M.D. and Chkhaidze I.Sh.
Batumi Institute of Agrarian Biotechnology and Business
The results of the analysis of the chemical content of subtropical persimmon varieties growing in Georgia are presented. The technology of complex processing of the subtropical persimmon fruit is described. This technology allows us to use efficiently the fruit of every, homological variety and to produce concentrated extract (dry substance – 35%), puree (dry substance – 26%) and spirit (62-70% by volume) in the form of half-finished products.
Keywords: persimmon, food products, spirit, production process.
Summary
The effect of heat treatment of subtropical persimmon on the content of methanol in Sirit
Ardzenadze M.D.
Batumi Institute of Agrarian Biotechnology and Business
The effect of heat treatment of subtropical persimmon on the content of methanol in spirit is considered. It is demonstrated that the best conditions of the heat treatment of the persimmon mass are at 60-80 0C. As the temperature rises, pectins combine with tannins and precipitate. The methoxyl group (CH 3) separates from the pectins, and it does not combine with the OH group, which gives no way of increasing the amount of methyl alcohol.
Keywords : persimmon, spirit, heat treatment, methyl alcohol.
SUMMARY
The effect of laser radiation on the chemical composition of wines
Mujiri L.D. and Ormotsadze M.L.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
The effect of laser radiation on the chemical composition of wines was studied. It has been established that, due to wonderful properties of the laser radiation such as monochromity, coherence and the focusing capability, we can affect purposefully the properties of yeast, which facilitates more complete fermentation of hydrocarbons, gives higher yield of ethanol, and provides enrichment of the wine with autolysis products.
Keywords: wine, chemical composition, yeast, laser radiation.
SUMMARY
On the dependence of bread quality on the amount of soya flour additive
Megrelidze T.J., Sadagashvili E.Z. and Nadirashvili G.A.
Georgian Technical University
The experimental contents of breadmaking and soya flour in bread dough are presented.The changes in the total amount of standard bread dough and in the content of proteins in it at adding different amounts of soya flour (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) were determined. Based on the obtained results, the empirical function was derived. On addition of each 1% to the standard bread dough, the total amount of the dough increased by 2.6%, and the content of proteins in it – by 0.22%.
Keywords: breadmaking, bread quality, bread dough, soya flour, proteins.
Summary
The method of gas-discharge visualization in sports medicine practice
Dolidze I.D., Janelidze G.G., Kakhabrishvili Z.G., Giorgobiani L.E. and Khomasuridze K.G.
Georgian Academy of Physical Training and Sport
The possibility of application of the method of gas-discharge visualization for determination of the psychophysical fitness of judo wrestlers is considered. The gas-discharge images of human fingers allow us to judge about the general level and the character of sportsman’s physiological activity, to classify sportsman’s condition by the type of glow, to estimate the energy of separate systems of the organism according to the distribution of glow characteristics by energetic channels, and to watch various biophysical effects on the organism.
As an example are given two judo wrestlers’ diagrams, by bioenergetic line parameters of which sportsmen’s psychophysical fitness is determined.
Thus, the method of gas-discharge visualization gives the promising trend of objective prediction of the state of fitness of sportsmen before important competitions and promotes early perfection of the sports specialty in training classes.
Keywords: sports medicine, sportsmen, psychophysical fitness, gas-discharge visualization.
SUMMARY
About new opportunities of determination of the reserves of psychophysical fiTness of Judo Wrestlers
Dolidze I.D., Janelidze G.G., Kakhabrishvili Z.G. and Khomasuridze K.G.
Georgian Academy of Physical Training and Sport
Intensive training exercise exhausts bioenergetic reserves of a sportsman, which leads to adverse results. The investigation performed for 10 judo wrestlers of medium qualification demonstrated that only three of them managed to keep their fitness to training and psychophysical reserves and were able to achieve good sports results. It is recommended to improve the psychophysical fitness of the sportsmen at their training by using the method of gas-discharge visualization, which will help to reveal the undesired changes in sportsman’s organism and to plan the rehabilitation measures simultaneously.
Keywords: sports medicine, judo wrestlers, gas-discharge visualization, psychophysical fitness