SUMMARY
Gavrilenko V.G., Sorokin A.V., Jandieri G.V., Davitadze M.I. and Jandieri V.G.
Nizhni Novgorod State University , Russia
Georgian Technical University
Abstract. Scattering of cylindrical waves on randomly located cylinders is considered. The cylinders are coaxial among themselves as well as with the primary source of these waves. It is supposed that the scatterers occupy a finite area. Distribution of the mean intensity in the random medium with an arbitrary scattering phase function of separate scatterers is effectively calculated by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The intensity of the scattered wave field in the far zone with respect to the source is studied.
Keywords: random medium, scattering phase function, Monte Carlo method, intensity, multiple scattering, absorption.
Summary
Continuous adaptation of threshold organS
Gogiashvili Zh.G., Namicheishvili O.M. and Shonia G.G.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
There is presented the theory of continuous adaptation without feedback by the Widrow-Hoff algorithm at threshold redundancy of binary channels used for transmission of the data obtained during physical experiments. It is demonstrated that, in this case, there are established the weights delivering the maximum to the Mahalanobis distance.
Keywords : binary channels, threshold organs, redundancy, continuous adaptation.
Summary
ELECTRONOMICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS OF YBCO SUPERCONDUCTOR CERAMICS
Kutelia E.R., Sanaia E.E. and Darsavelidze G.Sh.
Republican Center for Structure Researches
Abstract. Structural and morphological features of the ceramic YBaCuO - type superconductors have been studied by SEM and TEM. It is shown that the crystallites of the rhombic superconducting phase contain polysynthetic twins and stacking faults, regularly distributed through each crystallite. At the same time intercrystalline boundaries have an amorphous structure enriched with Ba. The in situ experiment showed that the stacking faults and submicron twins were annealed and disappeared in the temperature range of 150-250°C. It is shown that below 150 0C, due to rearrangement of oxygen atoms, there begins the process of concentration lamination, which causes the transformation of polysynthetic twins into concentration twin domains.
Keywords: superconducting ceramics, twins, stacking faults, structure.
SUMMARY
Resources of the creation of a dielectric state in narrow bandgap IV-VI semiconductors at T>80K
Davarashvili O.I., Enukashvili M.I., Kekelidze N.P., Darsavelidze G.Sh., Zlomanov V.P. and Aliyev V.A.
Iv.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Georgian Technical University
Moscow State University , Russia
Institute of Physics, NAS, Azerbaijan
The strain in the epitaxial layers is presented for stabilization of the Fermi level in the forbidden gap, e.g. for creation of the dielectric state. The impurity level can move when the substrate stretches or compresses the layer. In both cases, it is necessary to broaden the region of elastic deformation. A number of impurities simultaneously stabilizing the Fermi level and broadening the region of elastic deformation (decreasing the lattice parameter) in PbSnTe, Cr and Ga were outlined.
Keywords: narrow bandgap semiconductor, dielectric state, IR photoreceiver, Fermi level, stabilization.
Summary
AN EFFECT OF IRRADIATION WITH 3 MeV ELECTRONS ON THE ELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALS InP, InAs AND InP xAs 1-x
Kekelidze D.G., Milovanova L.M. and Kekelidze G.P.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
The results of investigation of electrical properties of crystals InP, InAs and their solid solutions InP xAs 1-x irradiated with electrons ot energy of 3MeV are given in the paper. The investigations were carried out in a wide temperature range. An attempt to state the regularity of defect formation processes and to determine their types and character has been undertaken on the ground of the obtained experimental results.
Keywords: crystals, InP, InAs, InP xAs 1-x, irradiation, electric properties.
THE Role of the ambient atmosphere in the p-doping problem of Z n S samples
Aptsiauri L.G., Butkhuzi T.V.,
Kekelidze E.E., Sharvashidze M.M. and Ramishvili L.M.
I v . Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Abstract. Wide-band semiconductor A 2B 6 compounds are characterized by n- type conductivity. In the present paper, the role of the ambient atmosphere in the p- doping problem of ZnS is studied. Two methods – the method of implantation by S + ions, and annealing under gold layers – are suggested and realized.
Keywords : ion implantation, zinc sulphide, doping, atmosphere, photoluminescence spectrum.
SUMMARY
Cesium with maximum concentration of oxygen on the tungsten coating of nioBium-ZircoNium alloy
Zykov B.M. and Nardaia Yu.I.
I. Vekua Institute of Physics and Technology
The properties of binary films of oxygen and cesium on transition metals depend highly on the oxygen concentration on the substrate, all other factors being the same. At a certain concentration of oxygen, it is possible to obtain such states of buinary films, including the ones in the form of chemical compounds with the substrate material, which do not exist at other concentrations of oxygen. Particularly, this can be referred to the maximum concentration of oxygen. In this case, it is not inconceivable that some of the derived chemical compounds of system Me-O-Cs can be rather thermally stable at the expense of reduction of energy E at their formation. As any Me-I-Cs system decreases work function j of the substrate, formation of a sufficiently thermally stable firm containing cesium can be useful for increasing the efficiency of collectors of thermoemission converters (TEC) of thermal energy into electrical power, which are used in space nuclear power stations. Therefore, besides providing the new knowledge about the Me-O-Cs systems on the polycrystalline surface in general, the investigation of the chemical structure of cesium films with maximum concentration of oxygen is topical for studying the effective capability of TEC. The maximum concentration of oxygen is obtained by its absorbtion at 20 0C till ? j max is reached, at partial pressure P=5 ? 10 -5Pa, for 20 min. Then adsorption of cesium proceeds by steps of ? j ~ 0.1eV till the value of j ceases to change, and there are no changes in the low energy spectrum of elastically scattered electrons, which is more sensitive to the state of the film than the change of the work function.
Keywords: tungsten coating, niobium-zirconium alloy, cesium, oxygen concentration.
Heating of the film with cesium and maximum concentration of oxygen on the tungsten coating of niobium – zirconIum alloy
Zykov B.M. and Nardaia Yu.I.
I. Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology
In practice, it is not often necessary to obtain an atomically pure surface, as some impurities can be useful for cartain purposes. For example, in thermoemisssion converters (TEC), the pesence of Nb and a certain concentration of O on the surface improve the characteristics of the device. At the same time, C, S and their compounds with the substrate material, especially their oxides, are the most detrimental impurities of the materials for thermoemission electronic devices. For example, if for polycrystalline W we take j >4.45 eV recommended in the literature, the obtained value of ? j min =-2.20eV results in j min =2.25eV, which is more by 1.1eV than the value obtained for optimum film system Me –O-Cs on the monocrystalline substrate without any, other impurities except O. The increased value of j min is primarily referred to the presence of W 2C and especially, CO on the substrate. If CO is not shielded by oxygen, at absorbtion of Cs, nonoptimum film W 2 COCs is formed. The situation becomes more severe when temperatiue T increases. In this case, Cs and O stimulate oxidation of W 2C, which results in formation of the additional amount of W 2COCs and WCOCs on the medium and lower levels of the substrate relief, respectively. Besides, the area of the substrate with the island film of intermetallic suboxide Nb 2W 2O that is optimum for Cs appears to be shielded by a large amount of oxygen which inhibits the formation of optimum subbronze NbW 2OCs. But this is not the decidng factor for increasing j min , as at lower conventrations of O, after formation of subbronze NbCOCs would be formed istead of WCOCs, which does not change the essence. Therefore, it is essential to decrease the amount of C in the material both at deposition of the W coating and its treatment. The measures taken for this purpose can include just as the improvement of vacuum and ptoduction hygiene, so also the change-over to the monocrystalline W coating deposited, for example, by the technology adopted for emitters of TEC when it is possible to obtain an atomically pure surface.
Keywords : niobium-zirconium alloy, tungsten coating, cesium, oxygen concentration.
Optical properties of ytterbium tetraantimonide thin films at 300K temperature
Jabua Z.U., Gigineishvili A.V., Glurdjidze L.N., Dadiani T.O. and Stamateli M.I.
Georgian Technical University
Abstract . There were studied reflection and absorption spectra of the 0.2-1.5 m m-thick ? - Yb 5 Sb 4 thin films. The measurements were done at room temperature in the 0.05-5.5 eV spectral interval. The samples were prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation of the components from two independent sources. The films had rhombic symmetry with lattice parameters: a=8.12A, b=15.95A and c=24.31A, and the following composition: 55.6 at% Yb and 44.4 at% Sb. The r eflection spectrum of ?-Yb 5Sb 4 shows two sharp minimums in the visible (2.1 and 3.5 eV) and infrared (0.35 eV) intervals and two maximums at 1.0 and 0.15 eV. It is assumed that at the energies below 0.35 eV, the reflection spectrum is formed by plasma processes, while at the higher energies – by interband transition of electrons. All the structures observed in the reflection spectrum show several thin structures. The absorption spectrum can be split into two regions : 0.2-0.6 eV and 0.7-2.1 eV, which presumably points to participation of various mechanisms in the process of absorption.
Keywords : ytterbium tetraantimonide, thin film, reflection spectra.
SUMMARY
ON A MULTICHANNEL QUEUING SYSTEM
Mikadze I.S., Khocholava V.V., Mikadze Z.I. and Gurjidze A.N.
Georgian Technical University
The aim of the presented work was the analysis of operation of multichannel queuing systems (data transmission networks, computer networks etc.) with the hardware and time redundancy, and with the united queue and united resources (collective use of the resources) when the latency of demands and the queue length are limited. The queue length was determined both in nonstationary and stationary states in the terms of Laplace transformation.
Keywords : queuing system, queue length, redundancy, latency, Laplace transformation.
SUMMARY
Generation of random numbers by THE Nakagami distribution
Ugrelidze N. A.
Georgian Technical University
With the help of gamma distribution, we consider a complete class of algorithms for generation of random numbers by the Nakagami distribution. The comparison of theoretical and simulation results is presented.
Keywords: algorithms, Nakagami distribution, simulation.
Processing and Preparation of Background Structures of Symbols
Khelashvili D.A., Tsiskaridze D .V. and J garkava M .I.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Abstract. To obtain a set of attributes describing a symbol, before the analysis of background structures, their consideration and preparation the necessary. Many methods are used for preparation of background structures.
The proposed method is based on the properties of cellular automaton; its algorithm contains different procedures - scaling, removal of superfluous noninformation structures, decreasing of symbol outline thickness, restoration of the defects (breaks) caused by poor quality of the processed material and by low sensitivity of reading equipment. When these procedures are completed, the background structures of symbols are ready for further analysis.
Keywords : symbols, background structures, preparation, processing, cellular automaton.
FUEL CELL POWER FROM BIOGAS
Aladashvili T.Z., Berezhiani M.G., Chkhaidze B.Sh. Dudauri T.V., Orjonikidze M.O.,
Partskhaladze G. Sh. and Ugrekhelidze V.D.
National High Technology Center of Georgia
Abstract. Technological achievements and commercial status of different types of fuel cells are reviewed. The use of biogas as a renewable fuel for fuel cells is discussed in general. Two different approaches such as the direct use of biogas in molten carbonate fuel cells and the use of biogas-derived hydrogen in all types of fuel cells have been analyzed on the basis of original thermodynamic computations. The results show that the maximum energy efficiency could be reached when refined biogas was directly used in high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cells.
Keywords : biogas, anaerobic digestion, fuel cell, molten carbonates.
Summary
Quantum-chemical investigation of the electronic structure and complexing ability of metahydroxybenzoyl hydrazide
Tsintsadze M.G., Demetradze L.B., Beshkenadze N.A.,Tsintsadze G.V., Dolidze Ts.G.
and Chanturia M.M.
Georgian Technical University
P. Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry
The complexing ability and electronic structure of one of derivative hydrazides - metahydroxybenzoyl hydrazide (MHOBH) were studied by semiempirical method AM 1. The bond lengths, valent angles, effective charges on molecule atoms and electron densities were calculated. The analysis showed that the biggest value of the electron density is characteristic of oxygen atom O (8). It is demonstrated that the potential electrodonor atoms are nitrogen aminogroups and carbonyl oxygen. It is noted that the hydrogen atom also manifests high acidity, which does not exclude its substitution with the metal atom.
Keywords : derivative hydrazides, electronic structure, complexing ability, quantum – electronic investigation.
Gugava M.T., Pavlenishvili I.J., Maisuradze J.P. and Japaridze K.G.
Institute of Cybernetics
Keywords: indolinospirochomene, structure, substituents.
SUMMARY
ON THE PROBLEM OF METROLOGICAL PROVISION OF pH MEASUREMENTS IN A WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE
Dolidze V.A. and Pitskhelauri A.A.
Georgian Technical University
The problems related to metrological provision of pH measurements in a wide temperature range are considered. It is noted that common calculation equations are used at temperatures below 100 0C, because there are no buffer solutions adopted as standards for higher temperatures. At the same time, it is stated that there exist the data which call for attention of metrological services. Possible expansion of application of standard buffer solutions (even at 150 0C) allows extending the capabilities of pH-metry as an instrumental method. The capabilities of the glass electrode with the H-function and contact electrodes (silver-chloride and thallium-chloride) are also considered for their use measuring and auxiliary electrodes.
Keywords: pH-metry, metrology, high temperature, buffer solutions, electrodes.
SUMMARY
On the thermodynamic estimation of thermal transformations of complex water-containing silicates
Nikoleishvili E.T., Sarukhanishvili A.V. and Jincharadze D.G.
Georgian Technical University
The possibility of application of the first Ulich approximation to the thermal transformation estimation, especially in the interval of 298-1100K, by the method of Gibbs free energy minimization is demonstrated with seven complex water-containing silicates belonging to different groups of rock-forming minerals. On the basis of calculations, the thermodynamically advantageous transformation reaction, its completeness, and the liquid phase appearance temperature were determined.
Keywords : thermal transformation, water-containing silicates, thermodynamic estimation
SUMMARY
thermodynamic and petrochemical estimation of the high temperature processes in chiatura manganese ore gravity slime
Nikoleishvili E.T. and Sarukhanishvili A.V.
Georgian Technical University
Thermodynamic and petrochemical estimation of the high temperature processes in Chiatura manganese ore gravity slime with using the data of phase diagrams is described.
It is demonstrated that, at the initial stages of heat treatment, the interactions between water-containing silicates and carbonates of the slime must generally proceed. The further heat treatment causes the interaction between the manganese-containing component and quartz and leads to formation of eutectics. It is noted that the forecast data are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Keywords : manganese ore, slime, heat treatment, thermodynamic estimation.
SUMMARY
HYDROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF the STIBNITE FROM the sajoge deposit ( Georgia) with sulfur involving potassium sulfide
Chirikashvili M.G., Metreveli J.P., Jioshvili B.D. and Gigauri R.D.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
The possibility of hydrochemical oxidation of the stibnite from the Sajoge Deposit (Georgia) with elementary sulfur involving potassium sulfide was studied. It was established that, as a result of the reaction, potassium tetrathioantimonate (V) of composition K 3SbS 4•5H 2O with almost quantitative yield was formed. Its formation was explained by the semireaction method. Hydrochlorination of the newly synthesized salt of thioantimonic acid. It is demonstrated that the process is complicated; the basic products of the reaction are elementary sulfur and antimony (V) sulfide.
Keywords : stibnite, hydrochemical oxidation, potassium sulfide, tetrathioantimonate.
Summary
Oxidation of antimony (III) sulfide with potassium iodate under basic conditions
Gvazava N.R., Kutsia L.A., Matiashvili M.G., Injia M.A. and Gigauri R.D.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
The possibility of hydrochemical oxidation of antimony (III) - Sulfide with potassium iodate in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was studied. It is demonstrated that the basic products of this reaction are potassium metaantimonate (V) and tetrathioantimonate (V). The formation of these compounds is also easily explained by the semireaction method.
Keywords : oxidation, antimony sulfide, potassium iodate, potassium hydroxide, metaantimonate, tetrathioantimonate.
SUMMARY
On the products of hydrochemical oxidation of the stibnite from upper Svaneti (Georgia) with elementary sulfur in the presence of sodium hydroxide
Gvazava N.R., Kopaleishvili M.T., Metreveli J.P., Seinishvili O.N. and Gigauri R.D.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Hydrochenmical oxidation of the stibnite from Upper Svaneti (Georgia) with elementary sulfur in the presence of sodium hydroxide was studied. It is demonstrated that, in this case, the basic antimony–containing compounds are sodium tetrathioantimonate (V) and metaantimonate (V). Besides the experimental results, the fact that this redox reaction takes place is justified by the semireaction method.
Keywords : oxidation, stibnite, sulfur, sodium hydroxide, metaantimonate, tetrathioantimonate.
SUMMARY
Products of oxidation of elementary antimony with sodium disulfide and their conversions
Nebieridze T . M ., Gigauri R . D . , Khidesheli A.V. and Rusia M.Sh.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Hydrochemical oxidation of elementary antimony with sodium disulfide was studied. It is demonstrated that the products of oxidation were sodium tetrathioantimonate (V) and sodium sulfide. The formation of the latter is excluded if we treat antimony with the mix of sodium disulfide and elementary sulfur taken in the following mole ratio: Na 2S 2: S:S 6=3:2:2. The course of these redox reactions is explained using the corresponding equations.
Keywords : antimony, sodium disulfide, oxidation products, realgar, auripigment.
Summary
ON The oxidation of antimony (IV) Oxide with sodium disulfide
Nebieridze T.M. , Rusia M.Sh., Rusia E.A. and Gigauri R.D.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
The possibility of hydrochemical oxidation of antimony (IV) oxide with sodium disulfide is considered. It is demonstrated that, in this case, there are derived sodium metaantimonate and sodium tetrathioantimonate of the following compositions: NaSbO 3 ? 3.5H 2O and Na 3SbS 4 ? 9H 2O. Their formation is explained by the semireaction method. The product of treatment of sodium tetrathioantimonate (V) is diantimony pentasulfide.
Keywords : antimony oxide, oxidation, sodium disulfide, metaantimonate, tetrathioantimonate.
Extraction of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons from the Gasoline Fraction Using The Ultrasonic Frequency
Samsoniya Sh.A., Khuchua T.T., Doksopulo T.P. and Chikvaidze E.V.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Abstract: Under the action of the ultrasonic frequency on the gasoline fraction with addition of the initiator – cumene hydroperoxide, the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons takes place. The effect of the irradiation frequency on the cracking process has been studied.
Keywords: cracking, ultrasonic frequency, olefins.
SUMMARY
ON THE À NOMER COMPOSITION OF N-GLYCOSIDES OF P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID BUTYL ESTER
Kublashvili R.I. , Labartkava M.O., Chachua L.Sh. and Karkashadze N.G.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
N-glycosides were synthesized from p-aminobenzoic acid butyl ester and aldoses (D-glucose, D- mannose , D- galactose , L- rhamnose , D- xylose , L- arabinose ) , and their anomer composition was investigated.
Keywords: p-aminobenzoic acidb, butyl ester, aldoses, N-glycosides, anomers.
SUMMARY
TRANSFORMATION OF SUB-STANDARD NAPALM INTO HARMLESS MATERIALS
Stepanishvili M.A., Taturashvili G.Sh., Zhgenti M.S., Mikadze I.I. and Dolidze A.V.
P. Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry
The sub-standard napalm stored at former military bases in Georgia represents jelly-like mass consisting of a benzene-benzene mix and polystyrene. The scheme of using the sub-standard napalm as a filler of organic binders both in production of asphalt concrete and in construction is suggested. The optimum conditions of production of various bitumens modified with the sub-standard napalm were developed. With the increasing content of the sub-standard napalm, the bitumen viscosity and softening temperature decrease, but the toughness increases. The finished products are harmless.
Keywords : napalm, harmless materials, filler, organic binders, technology.
SUMMARY
Extraction of biologically active substances from Georgian vegetable raw materials with the help of supercritical carBon dioxide
Chkhaidze M.Sh., Kvartskhava G.R., Chedia R.V. and Dolidze A.V.
P. Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry
There was performed extraction of biologically active substances from eucalyptus and laurel leaves, and tea seeds using both standard solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide under different conditions. The duration of the extraction with standard solvents was 5-8 hours, whereas the extraction duration at using carbon dioxide was 3 hours. In the eucalyptus case, the yield of volatile oils made up 1.6-1.9% and the cineole content – 62-65% with the standard solvents, whereas the yield of volatile oils and the cineole content made up 2.65% and 71%, respectively, with supercritical carbon dioxide. The application of supercritical CO 2 excludes pollution of the extracted products with organic solvents.
Keywords : biologically active substances, vegetable raw materials, carbon dioxide.
Summary
The influence of exogenous simple phenols on biosynthesis of peptides in plants
Arziani B.A. and Ugrekhelidze V.D.
Tbilisi State Medical University
The influence of exogenous simple phenols on biosynthesis of peptides in plants has been studied. It has been found that those Xenobiotics stimulate the biosynthesis of endogenous peptides. It is assumed that the enhancement of peptide biosynthesis is likely to be a response to the ingress of toxic molecules into the cell.
Keywords: phenol, conjugation, peptide, biosynthesis.
SUMMARY
APPLICATION OF CAVITATION PROCESSES IN THE ELECTRODIALYSIS OF
HARD WATERS
Chkheidze N.V., Burjanadze J.G., Enukidze N.E. and Kurtskhalia Ts. S.
Tbilisi Research Center “Membrana”
The analysis of reduction of temporary hardness of mineralized waters by the method of hydrodynamic cavitation was carried out for reliable running of the process of desalination of saltish waters by the method of electrodialysis. The obtained results show that there is a possibility to reduce temporary hardness by 40-43% in bicarbonate waters and by 20-25% in the waters of mixed hardness (carbonate-sulfate).
Keywords : hard water, electrodyalisis, cavitation.
SUMMARY
ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE PERMISSIBLE VALUE OF CALCIUM HARDNESS IN THE PROCESS OF ELECTRODIALYSIS OF MINERALIZED WATERS WITH
SIMULTANEOUS CONCENTRATING
Chkheidze N.V. and Kurtskhalia Ts.S.
Tbilisi Research Center “Membrana”
There was determined the maximum level of Ca +2 hardness in mineralized water, at which the operation of the electrodialysis device was unstoppable and reliable. Drinking water and relatively deeply concentrated solution (80-110g/1) were simultaneously produced. In this case, the volume of the solution was 2-3 % of the volume of desalted water. The experiments showed that, when the initial water sample contained less than 0.3±0.05 mg.eqv/l of Ca +2, it provided unstoppable operation of the electrodialysis device for 2,500 hours.
Keywords: mineralized water, electrodialysis, calcium hardness.
Summary
An automated system fOr controlling the dynamics of electroDIAlysis
Enukidze N.E., Kurtskhalia Ts.S., Chkheidze N.V., Partsvania D.A. and Simonia Z.Sh.
Tbilisi Research Center “Membrana”
There was developed an automated system for controlling the dynamics of electrodialysis, which provides continuous measurements of the inorganic ion concentration by the method of direct potentiometry. The system contains a laboratory electrodializer, reservoirs, a peristaltic pump, a degassing unit, a jack for ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors, and an ultrasonic flowmeter. The potentiometric measurements are performed by pH-ionmeter Ekotest-120 and the 8-chahnel commutator accomplishing sequential transmission of the signals from each channel to Ekotest-120 and, from there, to a PC. To the commutator channels, there are connected 5 ISE sensors, a thermosensor, and current and voltage transducers of the electrodialyzer. Transmission and storage of the data in the PC is accomplished by the program of Ekotest-120, and data processing – by a specially composed program.
Keywords : automated control system, electrodialysis, dynamics.
SUMMARY
INVESTIGATION OF SOME CHEMICOBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE WATER AREA OF POTI AND LAKE PALIASTOMI
Buachidze N.S. , Chikviladze Kh.N., Mchedlishvili M.V. and Tavamaishvili K.G.
Environment Pollution Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Environment of Georgia
Institute of Radiobiology and Ecology
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
There is demonstrated the possibility of determination of the most probable number and spread of microorganisms – organo destructors (destructors of oil, humus acids, etc.) and heterotrophic microorganisms in the water area of Poti and Lake Paliastomi. The quantitative estimation was performed. The factors affecting the number of the abovementioned microorganisms and allowing the estimation of the ecosystem condition in the given region were studied.
Keywords : water area, chemicobiological processes, organodestructors, heterotrophic microorganisms.
SUMMARY
Application Of Various Preparations For Sedimentation of Complex Biopolymers
Mamardashvili N.G., Khukhunashvili L.D. and Mujiri L.A.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
There have been selected the best adsorbents to clarify turbid brandies by carrying out experimental works. Good results were obtained by both visual examination and on the basis of spectrophotometer method, developed by the authors of the given work. There were determined optimal concentrations for application of the adsorbents and maturing periods of time. These indices made up 1.6 g/dm 3 for polyvinylpirolidone, 1.0 g/dm 3 for gelatin, 1.1 g/dm 3 for metagum, 1.3 g/dm 3 for ferroplex, and 1.2 g/dm 3 for gauzen paste and crystal. The optimal period of time for sedimentation made up 168 hours with the 24-hour interval. As a result of the investigations carried out with the use of the selected adsorbents, the complex biopolymers were removed completely from turbid brandies.
Keywords : complex biopolymers, adsorbents, spectrophotometer.
SUMMARY
AMINOACIDS IN PINK DRY TABLE WINES PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS
Ebelashvili N.V.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
There were studied aminoacids in pink dry table wines produced by different processing methods. It is demonstrated that, in the wine samples produced by using freshly pressed pumice of red grape variety Saperavi, the total content of aminoacids was higher by 39.5% than in the wine samples produced using fermented pomace of Saperavi. The mass concentration of essential aminoacids was higher by 46.6%, of aromatic acids-by 54.5%, and of sulfur-containing aminoacids - by 50.6%.
Keywords: pink wines, dry table wines, aminoacids, production process.
SUMMARY
Enochemical characteristics of pink dessert wines
Ebelashvili N.V.
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making
Test samples of pink dessert wines (spirit 16%, sugar – 16%) were prepared by using freshly pressed pomace of red grape varieties Saperavi, Tavkveri, and Asuretuli Shavi, and the must of white grape variety Rkatsiteli from different wine-making regions of Georgia. In the test samples, the mass concentration of titrated acids varies form 5.5g/dm 3 to 6.1g/dm 3, of the volatile acids – from 0.21 g/dm 3 to 0.29 g/dm 3, of the reduced extract – from 20.1 g/dm 3 to 21.6 g/dm 3 , of total phenols from 1.02 g/dm 3 to 1.3 g/dm 3, of anthocyans – from 72.2 mg/dm 3 to 108.2 mg/dm 3. The color intensity varied from 0.518 to 0.58. These indices are characteristic of pink dessert wines and point to high quality of the test samples. The high quality of those samples was also justified by their tasting indices.
Keyword : pink dessert wines, pomace, enochemical indices.
SUMMARY
Choice, substantiation and research of various criteria of estimaiton of changES in fabric properties during test wearing
Abdulaeva S.I. and Buadze E.P.
Azerbaijan State Economic University, Baku
Kutaisi State Technical University
The problems of abrasion influence on the fabrics of a linen assortment in a complex with other mechanical factors, in particular the half-cyclical characteristic of fabrics were investigated. The analysis of the obtained results shows that all tested fabrics have large settlement durability on the warp and smaller one on the weft. It should be noted that the values of the indices of the rupture strength stipulated by the norms vary over a wide range even for fabrics of one group.
Keywords : fabrics, properties, durability, wearing.
SUMMARY
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF OPTIMIZATION OF CASTING PRODUCTION
Menteshashvili M.V., Turmanidze R.S., Zedginidze I.G. and Menteshashvili N.V.
Georgian Technical University
One of the basic problems of casting production progress is maximum closeness of shapes of finished products and castings, i.e. minimization of tolerances, which leads to the increase in the output and efficiency of machining. The process of optimization of separate operations of the casting production cycle should be considered together with subsequent machining, which will provide high output, minimum costs and good quality, of finished products. For estimation of adaptability to manufacture of the casting, the following coefficients can be used: the yield of finished products, the weight precision and the metal consumption. These coefficients are expressed by the initial metal-casting- finished product weight relation. In technical and economic indices of the method considered, the metal and equipment costs must be taken into account. In the present article is considered the possibility of optimization of casting production using the experimental-statistical method of experimental design with selection of main factors affecting the quality of finished products. These factors include: temperature of casting; the minimum section of the gating system; graininess of molding sand; surface roughness; precision of sizes; the defective layer (skin) length. The intervals of variation of input parameters were determined; the matrix of the fractional factorial experiment was set up by pattern N=2 k, and eight paired experiments were conducted. There were determined the values of the following output parameters: the casting surface quality (R z=270-456 m m), the scatter in sizes (D=420-970 m m), and the defective layer length (?=99-173 m m). By chemical analyses of the cast iron samples under investigation, the percent ratio of elements was determined, and the grade of the alloy was established. By metallographic investigations, there was determined the alloy structure, which was ferrite-pearlite with cement inclusions. Based on the obtained data, there can be developed the mathematical model in the form of a regression equation, which will allow optimization of the process of casting production.
Keywords: casting production, optimization, adaptability to manufacture, metal consumption, experimental design, mathematical model.
SUMMARY
Reliability of the gas main with regard to its repeated loading
Namgaladze D.P. and Ingorokva D.A.
Georgian Technical University
The procedure of determination of the reliability function of the gas main with regard to its repeated loading is suggested. By using the model of defect accumulation and determining the probability distribution function of a number of parameters the analytical expression of non-failure operation of the gas main as a function of time was derived.
Keywords : gas main, reliability, repeated loading.
Summary
Determination of the frequency and extent of pressure outbursts in gas mains
Namgaladze D.P. and Ingorokva D.A.
Georgian Technical University
Basing on full-scale data, the problem of internal pressure outbursts in gas mains was solved. It has been found that the change in the internal pressure in the gas main represents Rayleigh’s random process. The expressions for the frequency and extent of outbursts were derived. The obtained results can be used later on at consideration of the model of defect accumulation.
Keywords : gas main, pressure outburst, frequency, extent.
Summary
Comparative models of qualitative estimation and forecast of operation of water-supply systems
Tsikhelashvili Sh.Z., Margalitadze I.N., Soselia H.R., Nadaraia N. Î . and Tsikhelashvili I.Z.
Georgian Technical University
The methodology of evolutionary planning of operation of water-supply systems based on a stochastic model is presented. The suggested approach was used for estimation of the operation of a real water-supply section (Plato Nutsubidze) of the water supply network of Tbilisi. The adequacy of representation of the real situation according to the developed models made up 95% of the supply.
Keywords : water-supply system, evolutionary planning, operation, stochastic model.
Summary
The issueS of Improvement of the reliability and efficiency of water delivery to water supply consumers (by an ExamPle of the Town of Zelenograd, Russia)
Tsikhelashvili Sh.Z., Margalitatdze I.N., Soselia H.R., Nadaraia N.O. and Ò sikhelashvili I.Z.
Georgian Technical University
There are described specific features of the nonstationary process of water delivery to water supply consumers and the formal apparatus for characterization of this process (the theory of indistinct multiplicities and possibilities, proposed by well-known American scientist L. Zade, and the theory of dissonances, proposed by prominent Georgian psychologist D.Uznadze). In the scope of the stated problem, a set of complex tasks and some data on the water-supply system controlled by an automated management system, successfully operating in the town of Zelenograd, Russia, are presented.
Keywords : water supply, efficiency, expert system.
Summary
A method of analysis of the variability of the process of water consumption
Grigolishvili A.R., Tsikhelahvili Sh.Z., Soselia H.R., Giorgadze P.Sh. and Tsikhelashvili I.Z.
Georgian Technical University
An efficient method of approximation of the variability of the process of water consumption with the use of the Saarend transformation is suggested. By a numerical example, there is proved the certainty of the approximation at the level of the first harmonic, on the basis of which the adequate modeling relation is obtained. This relation provides a possibility of rather exact characterization and forecast of variations in monthly water consumption during a year.
Keywords : water consumption, Saarend transformation, forecasting estimation
Summary
The technique of determination of the required regime of water consumption with the specified supply during a day
Grig î lishvili A.R.
Georgian Technical University
The technique of determination of the required regime of water consumption with the specified supply (95-99%) is suggested. There is presented the procedure of calculation with the use of Student’s single-choice criterion. With the help of this criterion, confidence limits for hourly average consumption of the planned schedule with the specified supply are determined.
Keywords : water consumption, regime technique.
SUMMARY
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE LANDSLIDE-PROTECTIVE PILING-GROUND ARC-SHAPED WALL
Oragvelidze Z . S .
Georgian Technical University
Based on the experimental investigation, it has been established that the cone angle of radially distributed pile rows on a landslide slope allows giving these rows such a shape which makes it possible to use the maximum bearing capacity of the ground. Location of the pile rows on the landslide slope in the radial shape increases the reliability of the structure and effects a saving in costs.
Keywords : protective structures, landslide, piles, optimum shape.
Summary
ABOUT THE INFORMATIONAL – Energetic model of the world of consciousness
Khvedelidze M.A.
Institute of Cybernetics
Georgian Engineering Academy
International Informatization Academy
There is demonstrated that it is rightful to accept the concept of energo-informational duality (CEID) as a global law of the nature based on the comparison of coefficient of transformation of the material system 
and virtuality, i.e. vitality 
in the model of the world of consciousness, uniting material and fine worlds. There is considered the probability of accepting finally the duality of science and religion by the humanity, i.e. the possibility of solving the oldest problem of philosophy regarding the duality of the materialistic and spiritual. Having reached the highest stage of development, the man can take over the function of the creator of multiple subsequent artificial systems constituting the global system of the Earth Noosphere. It is also essential to acknowledge that further existence of Earth’s civilization depends on reasonable co-existence of the Earth Noosphere and Biosphere.
Keywords : world, universe, consciousness, informational-energetic model.
SUMMARY
On the regularity of energy-information duality in economy
Khvedelidze M.A.
Institute of Cybernetics
Georgian Engineering Academy
International Informatization Academy
Summarizing the applications of the concept of energy-information duality (CEID) to the analysis of various natural systems, the author has attempted to use this concept for the analysis of the most complex organization – the economic system. Attention was drawn to the fact that it was essential to supplement the energetic social component of labor with its informational component directly related to the human thinking. Besides, the analysis showed that money invented by the man as the means of exchange of labor products could not always fulfill its function quantitavely, i.e. the equivalency to the cost of gold, which also could not keep its constant price. Thus, there has emerged the need in further perfection of the public labor equivalent. The author assumes that, in the process of perfection, it is possible to use the absolute mass energy equivalent and the absolute mass energy-information equivalent for determination of the real value of self-organization of the energy-information work at the human society level as well.
Keywords : energy-information duality, regularity, economy.
SUMMARY
SOLID POLYMERIC ELECTROLYTES FOR HYDROGEN POWER
Avaliani J . I . and Dolidze S . V .
Resea r ch Institute “ Opti c a ”
The possibility of production of hydrogen by using Solid Polymeric Electrolyte MK-40 is described. The electrolyte is used as an ion-selective membrane. The electrical power for the process of electrolysis is produced in the photo-voltage device from the Ga-As photoelectric cells and the optical concentrators of solar energy (aspherical polymeric lenses). The concentration degree in our experiment reached 200. Protons pass through the solid polymeric membrane, and the gaseous hydrogen is produced in the pores of the cathode space.
Keywords : hydrogen, solar energy, Ga - As photoelectric cell, aspherical polymeric lenses, cathode space .
RADIATION - RESISTANT MATERIALS FOR COSMIC SOLAR CELLS
Kekelidze G.P., Kekelidze N.P., Kekelidze D.G., Milovanova L.M. and Buoncristian A.M.
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Christopher Newport University , Virginia, USA
Abstract . Optical and electrical properties of compounds InP and InAs and their solid solutions (InP xAs 1-x) were studied before and after their irradiation with electron flows of 1meV, 3meV and 50 MeV, fast neutrons and ?-rays up to maximum fluxes ?=6.7 • 10 17 e/cm 2, ?=2•10 18 n/cm 2 and 10 9 rad, respectively.
The experiments were carried out in a wide range of impurity concentrations and for all compositions of solid solutions within 0?x ?1. The investigation results allowed the conclusion that it is possible to produce a radiation – resistant material based on solid solutions of InP xAs 1-x.
Keywords : radiation-resistant materials, solar cells.
Summary
Investigation of chemical-Technological properties of rareLy used spice-aromatic plants
Uturashvili E.A. and Ediberidze E.G.
Georgian Research Institute of Food Industry
Chemical-technological properties of the spice-aromatic plants grown in Georgia were studied. The content of ethereal oils at the early stage of maturity was studied by the method of gas-liquid chromatography. It is demonstrated that the spice plants under investigation can be used both freshly and after industrial processing.
Keywords : spice-aromatic plants, chemical-technological properties.
SAMMARY
On the processing of wine production wastes
Chkaidze M.Sh., Chirikashvili M.G. and Dolidze A.V.
P. Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry
Potassium hydrotartarate (wine stone), used for production of tartaric acid, is contained in the wastes of wine-making. Based on different solubility of potassium hydrotartarate in hot and cold waters, a method of its isolation with the 78% yield was developed. Besides, in contrast with the methods known before, the use of acids, bases and calcium chloride is excluded from the process. The proposed method promotes reduction of the product cost and improvement of the labor conditions.
Keywords : wine production, wastes, processing, potassium hydrotartarate, tartaric acid.
