Transformation of Hallen's integral equation for a dipole into Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, having a symmetrical singular kernel and a logarithmic feature, is presented. The analytical solution of this equation at 2πr₀ / λ << 1 and πh / λ >> 1, where r and h are the dipole radius and length, is given. The antenna pattern, which greatly differs from a classical model obtained on the basis of sinusoidal distribution of current along the dipole, is calculated.

Keywords: antennas, dipole, Hallen's integral equation.

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A brief history of mathematical interpretation of the law of inertia is described. It is shown that the discrepancy between the theory of inductively connected circuits with the practice is caused by inadequate mathematical interpretation. It is also shown that it is practically impossible to construct the models of multiloop circuits basing on the Neumann's and Maxwell's expressions. A method for constructing the models in the reference frame of like terminals, basing on Faraday, Lenz and Kirchhoff laws is suggested.

Keywords: electromagnetic inertia, theory of circuits, like terminals, induction, mathematical model.

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A general analytical expression for calculating the energy spectrum of the linear code with the mBIC insertions for digital optical-fiber transmission systems (DOFTS) was derived. The obtained results allow to calculate continuous and discrete components of the mBIC linear code for any values of the probability of occurrence of p(1) and p(0) in the initial linear code.

Keywords: optical-fiber transmission system, energy spectrum, code with insertions.

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4
COMPUTATION OF THE ENERGY SPECTRUM OF THE SECOND-FORM BIPULSE LINEAR CODE

A general analytical expression for the energy spectrum of the second-form absolute bipulse linear code BI-L₂ was derived. Basing on this expression, it is possible to calculate the continuos and discrete components of the energy spectrum for any values of the probability of occurrence of p(1) and p(0) in the initial linear code.

Keywords: energy spectrum, bipulse linear code, computation.

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The properties of the proposed second-order asymmetric noncentral composition designs, associated with the accuracy of prediction of the response quantities such as G- and Q-optimalities and rotationability, have been investigated. For the investigated areas in the form of squares and sectors, there are presented the optimum values of the α "star" branch. For the rotationability, the values of dispersion deviations for all the studied radiuses at different α are presented.

Keywords: experiment designing, asymmetric noncentral composition designs.

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A simple method of construction of transformation matrices for pure-loop and pure-node oscillation circuits is presented. The expression for calculation of inverse matrices of such transformations has been obtained. This allows to perform simple calculations of the resolvent and Weinstein function for the method of intermediate problems.

Keywords: transformation matrix, basic system, intermediate problems method, Weinstein function, resolvent.

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New expressions for characteristic determinants of intermediate problems were obtained. The expressions permit to reduce the dimensions of characteristic matrices and to determine the intermediate conservative eigenvalues. The latter significantly facilitates the whole process of calculation for the intermediate problems method.

Keywords: characteristic determinants, conservative eigenvalues, constraints, transformation tenzor.

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The possibility of total estimation of the state of water ecosystems (surface waters) by the chemical pollution index (CPI-10) is considered. This is of great importance for the territories where pollution by various substances at a time is observed. CPI-10 is to be calculated only for revealing the areas of the ecological emergency and ecological catastrophe.

The model of criterial-qualitative estimation of the chemical pollution, corresponding to the ecological catastrophe situations, are presented. The proposed approach can be used for total estimation of the pollution level of water objects of various kinds (urban territories, rivers, lakes, etc).

Keywords: water objects, extreme conditions, pollution level, estimation, model.

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The item of the system approach to the problem of criterial-qualitative estimation of the "difficult" state of the urban territory environment is considered.

The problem formalization concept, which allows to formulate generalized qualitative criteria for estimation the environment state, is proposed.

General models of the criterial-qualitative estimation of the water pollution level are presented. Basing on these models, the experimental results of investigation of the pollution level of surface waste waters (on the territory adjoining the left bank of the River Mtkvari within the city of Tbilisi) were analyzed.

The proposed models can be used by municipal sanitation services.

Keywords: waste waters, urban territories, pollution level, estimation, model.

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On the base of the dynamic model of a helical gas-liquid pump, the maximum permissible rotational speed, at which the liquid begins flowing into the neighbouring turn of the helix, was studied. The calculation showed, that with the increase in the rotational speed, the efficiency of the pump operation significantly decreases.

Keywords: gas-liquid pump, rotational speed, estimation.

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The analysis of similarities between the motion control models in living beings and the principles of motion control in the six-legged walking robot, designed on the basis of the compositional concept, is presented. According to this concept, the locomotion process is the result of the joint operation of a certain number of independent elementary automatic controllers, each of which controls only one degree of motion.

Basing on the performed analysis, it is stated that, unlike the traditional approach, the compositional concept in robotics is the closest to physiological models of motion and control.

Keywords: robotics, bionics, motion, concept.

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The method of isotopic analysis of carbon in organic compounds at mark locations is suggested. Equations of the common form are obtained for determination of the carbon isotopic composition by a single carbon center and by several equal carbon centers. A set of equations for determination of the carbon isotopic composition by two carbon centers or by two groups of equivalent carbon centers simultaneously is presented.

The method for determination of the carbon isotopic composition in salicylic acid by the carbon center of the carboxylic group and by the carbon centers of the benzole ring simultaneously is described. With the help of salicylic acid labeled with carbon-13 in the carbon center of the carboxylic group, the mechanism of its fragmentation was defined more exactly.

Keywords: organic compounds, isotopic analysis, mass-spectrometry, carbon-13, carbon center.

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Different ways of protonated ions formation in the ionization chamber of a mass-spectrometer have been studied with consideration of the conditions leading to their formation. It is shown that the protonated ions formation probability depends on the amount of the sample in the ionization chamber, the ion-stay time, the ionizing electrons energy and the polarity of molecules.

Keywords: mass-spectrometry, ionization chamber, protonation, electron energy, molecule polarity.

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Glutamine is an essential nutrient for neuronal metabolism and a precursor of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA, and glutamate transport is thought to control glutamine availability in CNS cells. Soluble and membrane bound lectins were isolated from mouse brain glial cell-enriched fractions. Two types of soluble lectins with different carbohydrate specificity were obtained. The glial soluble lectin isolated using PBS had galactose and inositol specificity and the lectin isolated using EDTA had a high sensitivity to glucose, N- acetyl-D-glucoseamine, inositol and mannose. Furthermore, a membrane bound lectin with galactose, N-acetyl D-galactoseamine, mannose, ribose and inositol specificity was isolated. It is interesting to note that glutamine, like carbohydrates, was a potent inhibitor of hemagglutination activity for both glial soluble and membrane bound lectins. The effects of all lectins on glutamine uptake in cerebellar granule neurons and cerebellar and cortical astrocytes were measured. A decreased glutamine uptake was observed in both cerebellar astrocytes and neurons using these lectins. In cortical astrocytes, however, an increase was caused by the membrane bound lectin. The soluble lectins did not have any effect on glutamine uptake. The present results suggest that lectins have regional specificity of action and they might play a role in metabolic trafficking from astrocytes to neurons.

Keywords: glycoproteins, glutamine, cell cultures, carbohydrates, hemagglutination.

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The present study was carried out in order to characterize and investigate the functional role of mouse brain astrocyte lectin. Two membrane-binding lectins were isolated using 0.5% Triton-X-100, astrocyte membrane lectin (AML) 1 and 2. Characterization of the membrane bound lectins showed that AML-1 has a high sensitivity to ribose and glucose, while AML-2 hemagglutination activity was inhibited by galactose and mannose. The hapten characteristics of some amino acids were tested and it is interesting to note, that glutamine was the most potent inhibitor. Glutamine is only synthesized by astrocytes and is an important precursor of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. Glutamine transport is thought to control glutamate availability in brain cells. It could be shown that both AML- 1 and 2 decreased glutamine transport into cortical astrocytes. Concanavalin A, having similar sugar specificity as a AML, had the same effect on glutamine transport. This is to our knowledge the first report on isolation of lectins from astrocytes and demonstrates that lectins play a role in glial-neuronal trafficking.

Keywords: glycoproteins, glutamine, cortex astrocytes, carbohydrates, hemagglutination.

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Regioselectivity of the Fischer indolization reaction was studied for 1,5-naphtilendihydrazones of asymmetric carbonyl compounds using the semi-empirical calculation method AM1.

By quantum-chemical calculations it is shown that D D H of tautomeric convertions in 1,5-naphtilendihydrazones can be considered as the parameter of regioselectivity.

Keywords: AM1 calculation method, 1,5-naphtilendihydrazones, asymmetric carbonyl compounds, Fischer indolization, regioselectivity.

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The results of the study of one interesting ancient method of hair decoloration, described in the book "About Trades" by Khabaish Al Tiflisi (the beginning of the XIIIth century), are presented. It is shown that, already in ancient Georgia, there was known the method of hair decoloration with the help of sulfurous gas and recreation of the natural color using wine vinegar.

Keywords: cosmetic chemistry, sulfurous gas, wine vinegar, hair decoloration, ancient method.

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Specific features of the process of cross-linking of aminoplast polymeric compositions, based on a carbamide-formaldehyde oligomer and natural diatomite not modified thermally, have been studied. The investigation was carried out under isothermic conditions at heating at 130-200° C. Basic kinetic parameters were determined. It is shown that presence of diatomite (20-80 mass %) in the composition accelerates the process of solidification.

Keywords: aminoplast, diatomite, composition, cross-linking.

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The rate of the chemical reaction of arsenious anhydride with pentanol has been studied by means of a simple distillation procedure. Differential and integral methods were used for statistical processing of the experimental data. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the reaction in question is of the second order; the numerical value of the corresponding kinetic factor is presented.

Keywords: kinetics, arsenious anhydride, esterification.

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A reaction of alkyl ethers of ethyleneglycolarsenous acid with selenium hydride has been studied. It is shown that, at room temperature in the absence of a solvent, the exchange reaction proceeds. As a result, there are recovered arsenic (III) selenide with almost quantitative output, ethyleneglycol and the corresponding alcohol.

Keywords: arsenic selenide, alkyl ethers, ethyleneglycolarsenous acid, reaction.

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Calcium and magnesium ion-exchange properties of the Akhaltsikhe phillipsite have been studied. It was established, that 80% of the total ion-exchange capacity can be applied for trapping calcium and 66% - for trapping magnesium separately. The estimated adsorption capacity for calcium and magnesium is in a range of 1.6-2.2 mequiv/g. The conclusion is made that the Akhaltsikhe phillipsite can be applied as an effective and cheap softener of hard water.

Keywords: phillipsite, calcium, ion exchange, water hardness

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Experiments were performed on juveniles and adults of two species of snails: pulmonary terrestrial Helix lucorum and prosobranchial Ampullaria gigas. The snails in special containers were launched for orbital flights in the automatic spaceships "Resurs-F" and "Bion-11" and on board the orbital station "Mir". Periods of exposure in weightlessness amounted to 14, 31, 40, 43, 135 and 148 days. The space-flown snails, juveniles particularly, exhibited visible growth of their statoconia. There were a lot of statoconia with outgrowths that made an all-over lacerate layer of varying thickness. The outgrowths looked like flakes or peculiar penicilluses of quite impressive sizes "sitting" on statoconial surface. Also, more than one statoconia carried demonstrably crystal structures on the surfaces. At present, this phenomenon is difficult to explain. Clearly, absence of weight triggers in some way the processes of statoconia formation and growth. On the other hand, inconsistent with the norm, i.e. abnormal character of the growth suggests a violent impairment of these processes by weightlessness.

Keywords: weightlessness, stratoconia, stimulating effect.

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Various approaches to the multidimensional scales for comparing the data, obtained as a result of biomedical experiments are analyzed. The detailed analysis of the drawbacks of existing concepts is presented.

It is suggested that the algorithms of multidimentional scaling should be adapted as follows: instead of the concept of "the degree of proximity" of the investigated indices, the criteria of multidimensional differences should be used. These criteria implement the most valuable part of multidimensional methods - orthogonal scaling (from the 1^st to 3^rd scales).

The suggested integral criteria on D²_1,2 enables us to estimate both individual and typological responses of the systems of the organism to the effects of various factors.

Keywords: multidimensional scales, comparison criteria, algorithm, biomedical research.

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It has been proved that as a result of hypokinesia the growth of the bones slows down, their weight and solidity increase, the IOM, %, decreases and the gracility index decreases. The skeleton of the sables develops progressively both in cages and in natural environment. Young sables reared in cages have higher anatomic indices of the development of long bones.

Keywords: osteal system, sables, hypokinesia, evaluation.

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There has been revealed the possibility of production of pink dry table wines of the Kagor, Port and Liqueur types and Mistelle from the freshly pressed pomace of red grape sorts Saperavi, Asuretuli Shavi and Tavkveri and the must of white grape Rkatsiteli. The relations between the Rkatsiteli must and the red grape pomace were determined for regulation of optimum concentrations of anthocyanins in various wines and Mistelle.

Keywords: pink wines, mistelle, freshly pressed pomace, grape must.

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The results of application of some process procedures for production of pink dry table wines are presented. There were applied the two following processes:

• alcoholic fermentation of the must of red grape sorts in the presence of different amounts of the pomace;
• cepage of the pomace of red grape sorts.

The pink wines materials prepared from red grape sorts Tavkveri and Shavkapito were used. The process procedures for production of high-quality pink dry table wines were developed.

Keywords: pink wines, production process.

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Here is shown that, using fermentatively lysed biomass of yeast residues, it is possible to improve the quality not only of strong and sparkling wines, but also of table and sherry wines at simultaneous intensification of fermentation processes.

Keywords: wine-making, lysed yeast residues, fermentation intensification.

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Here are critically considered the results of the investigation of Tbilisian thermal waters carried out by I.A. Gildenshtedt in 1771. It is shown that the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters under investigation were determined by the organoleptic method. It is also shown that I.A. Gildenshtedt determined the water chemical content using inorganic acids, lead acetate, neutral potassium tartrate, etc. I.A. Gildenshtedt considered that the basic component of these waters, determining their healing properties, was "volatile sulfur" (hydrosulfide). This fact has been confirmed by the up-to-date results of the chemical analysis of these waters.

Keywords: thermal waters, chemical analysis, historical data.

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The possibility of development of scientific-engineering activities in Ukraine are considered. The system schemes of the analysis of management and strategic planning of the scientific-engineering activities are presented. A general model of the informational-analytical support of the scientific-engineering sphere is suggested. There has been carried out an investigation on revealing the criteria for estimation of scientific-engineering trends, programs and projects by Delphi's method.

Keywords: scientific-engineering activities, informational-methodological support, analysis, model, criteria.

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The brief history of the concept of energo-information duality (CEID), the results of application of this concept, and the compatibility of CEID with the generalizing branch of science - informaciology are presented. Calculation of the absolute mass equivalent of information according to CEID and calculation of the mass of one elementary informatiogen, carried out by I.I. Yuzvishin, showed that the informational vacuum is not absolutely empty space. That is evidence of the duality of material and ideal, of the absence of the absolute boundary between the material and dematerialized states of information like the conductivities of a metal and a dielectric.

Keywords: energo-information, duality, concept, informaciology.

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Using electron beams with energies of 400-500 KeV, the technology and the corresponding equipment for reducing the losses and prolonging the shelf life of food have been elaborated.

Keywords: food processing, electron beams.

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Using the gamma-radiation, the technology for increasing the productive capacity of poultry farms by means of preliminary treatment of poultry feed and eggs for incubators has been elaborated.

Keywords: food processing, γ-radiation, poultry.

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The composition-system approach to designing of hydraulic back walls of a gravity type as complex aggregative systems is presented. In contrast with the traditional approaches, which are based on decomposition of the heuristically or empirically specified structure of the complex system, here is suggested the solution of the reverse problem. This approach consists in composition of the complex system with desired properties of the components of the aggregative base under development using the methods of space-structural-parametric self-organization.

Keywords: hydraulic engineering, back walls, composition-system designing.

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At theoretical investigation of wave formation in water reservoirs caused by landslip phenomena, various calculation schemes and corresponding boundary conditions are employed. That affects the results of calculation of the wave processes. The necessity in determining the precise limits of applicability of the mentioned schemes and in working out the corresponding recommendations is substantiated.

Keywords: water reservoirs, wave processes, calculation schemes, applicability.

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The results of the author's experience related to the biocorrection method are presented. It is concluded that the biocorrelation method enhances the capabilities of traditional methods of treatment and diagnostics. The method does not cause emotional or stress states and can be applied for treatment of children. The biocorrelation method produces good results both during application and in catamnesis. This method favours the treatment of enuresis, logoneurosis, vegetoneurosis, squint, children's cerebral palsy, etc.

Keywords: biocorrelation, treatment experience.

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