A new method of calculation of the dispersion of transversal shifting of geometrical rays is proposed. The method is based on the stochastic kinematic equation describing evolution of the curvature of the wave front in a nonstationary inhomogeneous medium with fluctuations of the velocity randomly varying in space and time. The diffusion coefficient is calculated.

Keywords: random medium, curvature, correlation function,wave front.

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The evolution of temporal power spectra of scattered electromagnetic waves in absorptive nonstationary medium is investigated using statistical moment method.

Keywords: random medium, spectrum, absorption, correlation function.

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The projective method (of moments) for solution of the functional equation of the theory of antennas and diffraction is substatiated.

Keywords: antenna, diffraction, functional equation, method of moments.

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Dispersive properties of a screened dielectric waveguide have been studied. The eigenfunctions and the coefficient of main wave propagation depending on geometric and physical parameters of the waves were found. Using the Huygens-Kirchhoff method, radiation patterns of the directivity of the waveguide open ends in the basic E- and H-planes were calculated.

Keywords: radiation pattern, dispersion, waveguide.

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It is shown that, if a plane E-polarized wave is incident on a double-periodic vibrator grating with a flat screen at some angle θ, for the angles of incidence, (n=0;1;2), where k=2π/λ, λ – the wavelength, n – the distance between the grating and the screen. The incident wave penetrates through the grating and continues its existence as a waveguide wave between the screen and the grating.

Keywords: vibrator, grating, screen, diffraction.

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Second-order asymmetric noncentral composition designs have been investigated. Their properties associated with the error of determination of the regression equation factor were studied.

Keywords: experiment designing, noncentral composition design, investigation.

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Second-order asymmetric central designs, which provide the minimum of maximum dispersion of parameter estimations, are considered.

Keywords: experiment designing, central composition design, synthesis.

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A multilevel data redundancy system in local computer networks is considered. The system provides protection of the information by:

• data verification;
• recording on mirror discs;
• disc duplication;
• a system of archiving and duplication.

The probability of data keeping and the average time of the problem solution were determined.

Keywords: local computer network, information archiving, data duplication.

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9
ON THE PROBLEM OF IMPROVING THE MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER

The man-machine interface problems, in particular the problems of matching the display and the keyboard with the operator from the point of view of ergonomics, are considered. The conditions of perception by the operator of symbols of the keyboard and the display with consideration of external illumination are analysed. The conclusion has been made that it is advisable to equip a personal computer with the keyboard and the display having reverse contrast.

Keywords: personal computer, ergonomics, man-machine interface.

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The problems of controlling the spacecraft movement for keeping it in the vicinity of the libration point are described.
Basing on E.Neter's theorem, mathematical equations linking the functions of optimum control and the laws of presentation are suggested. The problems of control with consideration of the restrictions expanding to both the functions of control and the phase coordinates are considered.

Keywords: spacecraft, movement, libration, collinear point, controlling.

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A new concept of self-organization resting on the natural basis - on the theory of a measure and the theory of harmony is considered. The mechanism of self-organization, in which the basis is a measure determining the optimum, both describing the evolutional maturity and quality of the system has been determined. The concept of SYNARCHIA, as a representation of phenomena and processes in their measure, harmony and unity has been introduced.

Keywords: synarchia, measure, self-organization, mechanism, concept.

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The principles of processing the images obtained as a result of gas-discharge visualization are considered. The differences between the continuous and discrete representation of the image are studied. The fractal estimations of the discrete images are presented. The fractal criteria for computer image processing are suggested.

Keywords: image, fractal graphics, criterions, processing.

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Nonradiative excitation energy transfer (NEET) between the Pr³⁺ and Nd³⁺ ions in borate glass was investigated. Cooperative sensitization of luminescence of the Pr³⁺ ions by the Nd³⁺ ions as a result of NEET was observed. The luminescence was excited by the radiation of an Nd³⁺: YAG laser with the power of ~ 800 mW (l = 1.064 m m) operating on the basis of the ³H₄ ® ¹G₄ transition at the wavelength corresponding to the Pr³⁺ absorption band. The NEET mechanism responsible for the luminescence of the Nd³⁺ ion at the wavelength corresponding to the band with maximums at l = 1.34 and 0.87 m m is discussed.

Keywords: excitation energy, nonradiative transfer, luminescence, cooperative sensitization.

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The method for obtaining a specified axial gradient of birefringence in polymer films, which are to be referred to as GB (Gradient Birefrigence)-elements is presented. The features of these films are investigated. On the base of the obtained results, it is suggested to extend the notion of "gradient optics", which comprises two subdirections: GRIN (Gradient Refractive Index)-optics and GB (Gradient Birefrigence)-optics.

Keywords: polymer films, gradient optics, axial gradient, birefringence.

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A charge-radial scale of electronegativity of atoms is suggested. The scale is based on using the values of the effective nuclear charge and the average radius - the half-sum of orbital and effective radiuses of the atom.

Keywords: electronegativity, scale, intranuclear distance, calculation.

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Here are described the methodological principles of application of the computer program LESSI - the research-purpose expert system for solving some problems of molecular design and molecular spectroscopy.

Keywords: chemical software, molecular design, molecular spectroscopy.

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Computer program LESSI - an expert system of the research purpose, functioning in the field of organic chemistry has been developed. It is intended for generation of structural compositions of all known isomers with the specific brutto-formula and for identification of organic compounds with the help of a set of spectral data obtained by ¹³C and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.

Keywords: chemical software, C/C++ programming, expert systems, structural isomers, NMR spectra.

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Geometric parameters of the phthivazid molecule have been calculated using the quantum-chemical model AM1 (Austin Model 1) based on the NDDO approximation. The potential electron-donating ability of the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, which are consistuents of this molecule, is demonstrated.

Keywords: phthivazid, complexing ability, quantum-chemical calculation.

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Synthesis of coordination compounds of metal chlorides, bromides and nitrates with urotropine is described. The individuality of these compounds was established by X-ray examination. The IR spectral analysis showed that the urotropine molecules do not coordinate with metals, but are hydrogen-bonded to coordinated water molecules.

Keywords: metals, urotropine, coordination compounds, synthesis.

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The effect of the lead nitrate titrant on quaternary arsonium iodides in an alcoholic-aqueous solution has been studied. It was established that, in this case, lead iodide PbI₂ precipitates in the weight form. The result does not depend on the arsonium salt composition. Lead iodine is always formed if iodine exists in the ionic form in the tested sample (nonionic iodine remains untouched).

Keywords: quaternary arsonium, iodine, determination.

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A new version of the extraction-photometric method for determination of microquantities of gold(III) in the environmental objects using Rodamin C has been developed. The influence of interfering ions was eliminated by addition of H₃PO₄ and EDTA into the analytical system. The sensitivity of the method is 0.2 μg/ml, relative deviation - within the range 0.02-0.09.

Keywords: gold(III), microquantity, extraction-photometric method, rodamin C, analysis.

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A version of the gas-chromatographic method for analysing the content of normal paraffin hydrocarbons in oil is described. The individual content of solid paraffins of marks T and C, extracted from the 325-425° С fraction of the commercial oil mixture from Samgori oil-collecting point (Georgia), was determined. It is shown that the mentioned paraffins consist mainly of normal paraffin hydrocarbons (С₂₀-С₃₂) and (С₁₄-С₃₂), respectively.

Keywords: oil, Samgori oil-collecting point (Georgia), paraffin hydrocarbons, content, method.

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The structural model of concrete (the case of tension), described earlier, is generalized. All three composite structural elements (grain, matrix, bond) have been included into the model. The effects caused by inhomogeneity of the material are considered. The presented equations can be used as well for predicting the long-term strength of a composite material.

Keywords: composite, structural model, generalization, prediction.

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A design of the ignition dose torch in a gas diesel-engine is considered. A mathematical model of the internal mixture formation in the diesel-engine is offered.

Keywords: gas diesel-engine, mixture formation, mathematical model.

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A complex of the processes of controlling and dosing the gas flow in a modern reducer is considered. A mathematical model of the compressed natural gas flow through the gas reducer of the vehicle diesel-engine has been developed.

Keywords: gas diesel-engine, gas reducer, gas flow, mathematical model.

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A technology of production of the combined oak extract from the activated oak wood and powder-like oak extract with high content of aromatizing extractive compounds is presented.

Keywords: brandy, oak extract, activation, technology.

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As a result of the investigation of oxidative transformation of syringic aldehyde and vanilline at maturing Georgian brandy spirits in oak barrels, some indexes of naturalism of these spirits were determined. In particular, there were determined the following indexes: syringic aldehyde/vanilline; syringic acid/vanillic acid; syringic aldehyde/syringic acid; vanilline/vanillic acid. Besides, the contents of monomethyl ether of pyrogallol and monoethyl ether of pyrocatechin were determined.

Keywords: brandy spirits, indexes of naturalism, monomethyl ether of pyrogallol, monoethyl ether of pyrocatechin.

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The results of the investigation of terpene compounds in grape wines of the Muscat Rkatsiteli variety and honey wines are presented. It was established that these wines contain almost identical terpene compounds. However, the Muscat Rkatsiteli wine material contains terpene-4-ol, which was not found in the honey wine materials. All the terpene compounds are present in the honey materials in a larger amount than in the grape wine materials.

Keywords: wine materials, grapes, honey, terpenes, comparison.

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The present state of the oil industry in Georgia is estimated. The causes of its present poor state are revealed. The possible ways of its development are outlined.

Keywords: oil industry, development, present state.

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The problem of attracting direct foreign investments into the oil and gas industry of Georgia is considered. The basic causes of the unfavourable investment situation are described. The ways for improving the investment climate in the country are outlined.

Keywords: oil industry, investments, development.

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The positive and negative aspects of the contracts with foreign contractors on production sharing under transactions on oil and gas, which have been approbated at the world oil market, are considered. Here are given the recommendations, implementation of which will ensure power safety and maximum protection of the interests of Georgia as a "hosting" country at concluding the contracts on production sharing in oil and gas industry.

Keywords: oil industry, contract, production, sharing.

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The results of investigation of the detoxication process of 1-6-¹⁴C-n-nitrophenol in white rats are presented. It has been established that, along with the conjugation mechanism, the aromatic ring degradation also plays an important role.

Keywords: n-nitrophenol, metabolism, conjugation, detoxication.

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The recipes on hair treatment (against scurf, baldness, for hair growth, etc.), described in "Samkurnalo Karabadini" (Medical Book), compiled by S. Tsotadze at the beginning of the XXth century, are presented. The chemistry of the substances of vegetable and mineral nature is considered.

Keywords: hair, medicinal remedies, chemistry.

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Some concepts associated with the effects and medicinal features of pyramids are considered. The procedure of pyramid-quantum therapy using the device for objective evaluation - a bioenergohomeostatometer designed by T.Sh. Nanitashvili is offered.

The classification of age groups and their conventional energetic norms are presented. Some examples of the experimental results are given.

The authors are interested in sponsoring support and suggest joint work.

Keywords: pyramid, medicinal features, treatment, objective evaluation, investigation results.

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At present the basic energy resource employed in greenhouses in Georgia is wood. Reduction of gas emission of greenhouses is suggested at the expense of wide application of renewable energy resources, i.e. hydro-, bio-, solar and wind energy. The volume of the possible annual reduction of the greenhouse gas emission (CO, CO², CH₄, N₂O and NO_x) has been estimated. This amount made up about 20% of the present annual gas emission.

Keywords: greenhouse gases, emission, reduction, renewable energy resources.

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Some characteristic properties of town-planning of Tbilisi in the late feudal period are considered. These are: building on steep slopes, employment of river banks, the relief character, and the area microclimate. Concrete examples of the preserved buildings of that period are cited.

Keywords: town-planning, building of Tbilisi, relief, characteristic properties, types of dwellings.

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Up-to-date social-economic functions of landscapes are determined by: demands of the society; potential of the landscape. In Georgia, a number of landscapes of the 1^st type is considerably larger than that of the 2^nd type.

Meeting the demands of the society, agro, settling and recreated landscapes, protected areas, hydrotechnical constructions etc. have been created. But they do not always take into consideration the social-economic functions of the landscape.

The possibilities of steady development and planning of the landscapes are considered.

Keywords: landscape, development, planning.

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Some chemical indexes of cones of the hop (Humulus lupulus) growing in Georgia have been determined. According to preliminary data, the cones of wild hops contain free aminoacids, sugars, phenolic compounds in the form of flavonoids and carbonyl acids.

Keywords: hop-plant, cones, chemical indexes.

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It was established that for sweet cherry (varieties Drogana yellow and Harisgula), the optimum period of inoculation on various wildings (Mahaleb cherries, different in the growth strength, were used as wildings) was the period from July 20 to September 10. The exceptions were the weekly growing kinds, for which this period should be reduced by ten days (from August 1 to September 10).

Keywords: sweet cherry, oculation, wilding, oculation period.

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